Scientific Highlights from Research Division Energy and Environment (ENE)

Scientific Highlights

23 October 2018
electron crystallography teaser

Breakthrough - electron crystallography for everyone

Recent advances in electron crystallography published in Angewandte Chemie and highlighted by Science, Chemical & Engineering News and ScienceNews!Under the lead of LSK member, "Rapid structure determination of microcrystalline molecular compounds using electron diffraction", published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.201811318 has attracted great attention in the chemistry community.

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17 October 2018

Warum die Kleine Eiszeit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts endete

Medienmitteilungen Energie und Umwelt Umwelt

In der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts führte eine Serie grosser Vulkanausbrüche in den Tropen zu einer vorübergehenden globalen Abkühlung des Erdklimas. Dass in der Endphase dieser sogenannten Kleinen Eiszeit die Alpengletscher wuchsen und anschliessend wieder zurückgingen, war ein natürlicher Prozess. Dies haben nun PSI-Forschende anhand von Eisbohrkernen nachgewiesen.

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26 September 2017
In the experimental chamber, a very thin vertical jet of water can be seen, which flows downward in the middle of the picture from a small tube. During the experiment, the chamber contains a gas mixture including ozone, which reacts on the surface with bromide in the water and produces bromine. As an intermediate step in the process, a short-lived compound of bromide and ozone is made, which was detected for the first time ever with the help of X-ray light from SLS. For this proof, the X-ray light knocked …

Light from the particle accelerator helps to understand ozone decomposition

PSI researchers have developed an experimental chamber in which they can recreate atmospheric processes and probe them with unprecedented precision, using X-ray light from the Swiss Light Source SLS. In the initial experiments, they have studied the production of bromine, which plays an essential role in the decomposition of ozone in the lower layers of the atmosphere. In the future, the new experiment chamber will also be available for use by researchers from other scientific fields.

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21 September 2017
SHL20170921ENEBartelsHClIceImage.png

Coexistence of Physisorbed and Solvated HCl at Warm Ice Surfaces

The interfacial ionization of strong acids is an essential factor of multiphase and heterogeneous chemistry in environmental science, cryospheric science, catalysis research and material science. Using Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron (NAPP) spectroscopy, we directly detected a low surface coverage of adsorbed HCl at 253 K in both molecular and dissociated states and interpret the results as physisorbed molecular HCl at the outermost ice surface and dissociation occurring upon solvation deeper in the interfacial region. This study gives clear evidence for nonuniformity across the air−ice interface and questions the use of acid−base concepts in interfacial processes.

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22 February 2017
SHL20170222ENEIceCoreAndesCu.jpg

Ice-core evidence of earliest extensive copper metallurgy in the Andes 2700 years ago

Although copper (Cu) was essential for the wealth of pre- and post-colonial societies in the Andes, the onset of extensive Cu metallurgy in South America is still debated. Based on a 6500 year ice-core Cu record from Illimani glacier in Bolivia we provide the first complete history of large-scale Cu smelting activities in South America. Earliest anthropogenic Cu pollution was found during the Early Horizon period ~700-50 BC. We attribute the onset of intensified Cu smelting in South America to the activities of the central Andean Chiripa and Chavin cultures ~2700 years ago. This study provides for the first time substantial evidence for extensive Cu metallurgy already during these early cultures.

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5 January 2017

Nanotechnologie ermöglicht neue Einblicke in chemische Reaktionen

Medienmitteilungen Energie und Umwelt Forschung mit Synchrotronlicht Mikro- und Nanotechnologie

80 Prozent aller Produkte der chemischen Industrie werden mit Katalyse-Verfahren hergestellt. Auch in der Energieumwandlung und Abgasreinigung ist Katalyse unverzichtbar. Die Industrie probiert immer neue Substanzen und Anordnungen aus, die neue und bessere katalytische Verfahren ermöglichen können. Forschende des Paul Scherrer Instituts PSI in Villigen und der ETH Zürich haben nun eine Methode entwickelt, die Genauigkeit solcher Versuche stark zu verbessern, was die Suche nach optimalen Lösungen beschleunigen dürfte.

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27 October 2016

Die Stoffe, die Wolken heller machen

Medienmitteilungen Energie und Umwelt Umwelt

Wolken bestehen aus winzigen Tröpfchen. Diese Tröpfchen bilden sich, wenn das Wasser an sogenannten Aerosolen kondensiert – an kleinen Partikeln in der Atmosphäre. Um besser zu verstehen, wie wiederum Aerosole entstehen, haben Forschende nun eine umfassende Computersimulation auf der Grundlage detaillierter experimenteller Daten erstellt. Diese Simulation zeigt, dass neben Schwefelsäure noch zwei weitere Substanzen entscheidend an der Bildung von Aerosolen beteiligt sind: organische Verbindungen und Ammoniak. Die Forschungsergebnisse wurden nun im renommierten Fachblatt Science veröffentlicht.

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PSI Scientific Reports

Archive 2006-2012. The Scientific Reports – containing accounts of research topics from all the different areas – provide an impression of the variety of subjects researched at PSI.