GAW Monitoring

Duration: 1995-

Contact: Martin Gysel, martin.gysel@psi.ch

In 1988 the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) initiated an aerosol research programme at the high Alpine Research Station Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl). Since 1995 PSI has been responsible for the continuous aerosol measurements performed at Jungfraujoch within the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program of the World Meteorological Organization. Nowadays, the aerosol monitoring programme at the Jungfraujoch is among the most complete aerosol monitoring programs worldwide. Quality assurance and analysis of longterm aerosol data is done in close collaboration with the Aerological Station of MeteoSwiss at Payerne.

The following aerosol parameters are measured on a continuous basis at the Jungfraujoch:

With our measurements we have addressed the following research topics at the Jungfraujoch:

• Long-term trend analysis of aerosol variables [Collaud Coen et al., 2007]
• Vertical transport of pollutants from the boundary layer to the Jungfraujoch [Lugauer et al., 2000; Collaud Coen et al., 2011]
• Characterization of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosol plume [Bukowiecki et al., 2011]
• Analysis of the effects shaping the aerosol size distributions, including new particle formation and subsequent growth [Weingartner et al., 1999; Nessler et al., 2003; Boulon et al., 2010; Manninen et al., 2010; Spracklen et al., 2010; Asmi et al., 2011; Reddington et al., 2011]
• Aerosol chemical composition [Collaud Coen et al., 2004; Cozic et al., 2008b; Henning et al., 2003; Hinz et al., 2005; Krivacsy et al., 2001a; Krivacsy et al., 2001b; Liu et al., 2010; Streit et al., 2000; Zellweger et al., 2000]
• Aerosol optical properties [Andrews et al., 2011; Collaud Coen et al., 2010; Fierz-Schmidhauser et al., 2010a; Nessler et al., 2005a; b]
• Hygroscopic properties and CCN activity [Duplissy et al., 2011; Herich et al., 2008; Jurányi et al., 2010; Kammermann et al., 2010a; Sjogren et al., 2008; Weingartner et al., 2002]
• Aerosol partitioning in mixed phase clouds [Choularton et al., 2008; Cozic et al., 2007; Henning et al., 2002; Hoose et al., 2008; Targino et al., 2009; Verheggen et al., 2007]
• Physico-chemical characterization of ice nuclei [Cozic et al., 2008a; Ebert et al., 2011; Ehrman et al., 2001; Mertes et al., 2007]

• On-line hourly and daily averages of the aerosol parameters are presented here in real time.
• These continuous aerosol measurements are complemented by a series of intensive field campaigns where the interactions of aerosol particles with the cloud particles are explored (CLACE campaigns).
• Learn more about the exciting world of aerosol particles (prize-winning website in German).
• Information movie shown at the Jungfraujoch on occasion of the Jungfrau Railway Centenary.

Journal Articles

Climatology of Aerosol Radiative Properties in the Free Troposphere.
Andrews, E., J. A. Ogren, P. Bonasoni, A. Marinoni, E. Cuevas, Rodríguez, J. Y. Sun, D. A. Jaffe, E. V. Fischer, U. Baltensperger, E. Weingartner, M. Collaud Coen, S. Sharma, A. M. Macdonald, W. R. Leaitch, N.-H. Lin, P. Laj, T. Arsov, I. Kalapov, A. Jefferson, and P. Sheridan, 2011
Atmos. Res., in press.


Number size distributions and seasonality of submicron particles in Europe 2008–2009.
Asmi, A., A. Wiedensohler, P. Laj, A.-M. Fjaeraa, K. Sellegri, W. Birmili, E. Weingartner, U. Baltensperger, V. Zdimal, N. Zikova, J.-P. Putaud, A. Marinoni, P. Tunved, H.-C. Hansson, M. Fiebig, N. Kivekäs, H. Lihavainen, E. Asmi, V. Ulevicius, P. P. Aalto, E. Swietlicki, A. Kristensson, N. Mihalopoulos, N. Kalivitis, I. Kalapov, G. Kiss, G. d. Leeuw, B. Henzing, R. M. Harrison, D. Beddows, C. O'Dowd, S. G. Jennings, H. Flentje, K. Weinhold, F. Meinhardt, L. Ries, and M. Kulmala, 2011
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5505-5538.


New particle formation and ultrafine charged aerosol climatology at a high altitude site in the Alps (Jungfraujoch, 3580 m a.s.l., Switzerland).
Boulon, J., K. Sellegri, H. Venzac, D. Picard, E. Weingartner, G. Wehrle, M. Collaud Coen, R. Bütikofer, E. Flückiger, U. Baltensperger, and P. Laj, 2010
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9333-9349, doi: 10.5194/acp-10-9333-2010


Ground-based and airborne in-situ measurements of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosol plume in Switzerland in spring 2010.
Bukowiecki, N., P. Zieger, E. Weingartner, Z. Jurányi, M. Gysel, B. Neininger, B. Schneider, C. Hueglin, A. Ulrich, A. Wichser, S. Henne, D. Brunner, R. Kaegi, M. Schwikowski, L. Tobler, F. G. Wienhold, I. Engel, B. Buchmann, T. Peter, and U. Baltensperger, 2011
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10011-10030.


The influence of small aerosol particles on the properties of water and ice clouds.
Choularton, T. W., K. N. Bower, E. Weingartner, I. Crawford, H. Coe, M. W. Gallagher, M. Flynn, J. Crosier, P. Connolly, A. Targino, M. R. Alfarra, U. Baltensperger, S. Sjogren, B. Verheggen, J. Cozic, and M. Gysel, 2008
Faraday Discussions, 137, 205-222.


Long-term trend analysis of aerosol variables at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch.
Collaud Coen, M., E. Weingartner, S. Nyeki, J. Cozic, S. Henning, B. Verheggen, R. Gehrig, and U. Baltensperger, 2007
J. Geophys. Res., 112, D13213, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007995.


Saharan dust events at the Jungfraujoch: detection by wavelength dependence of the single scattering albedo and first climatology analysis.
Collaud Coen, M., E. Weingartner, D. Schaub, C. Hueglin, C. Corrigan, S. Henning, M. Schwikowski, and U. Baltensperger, 2004
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2465-2480.


Minimizing light absorption measurement artifacts of the Aethalometer: evaluation of five correction algorithms.
Collaud Coen, M. C., E. Weingartner, A. Apituley, D. Ceburnis, R. Fierz-Schmidhauser, H. Flentje, J. S. Henzing, S. G. Jennings, M. Moerman, A. Petzold, O. Schmid, and U. Baltensperger, 2010
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 3, 457-474, doi: 10.5194/amt-3-457-2010.


Black carbon enrichment in atmospheric ice particle residuals observed in lower tropospheric mixed phase clouds.
Cozic, J., S. Mertes, B. Verheggen, D. J. Cziczo, S. J. Gallavardin, S. Walter, U. Baltensperger, and E. Weingartner, 2008a
J. Geophys. Res., 113, doi:10.1029/2007JD009266.


Scavenging of black carbon in mixed phase clouds at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch.
Cozic, J., B. Verheggen, S. Mertes, P. Connolly, K. Bower, A. Petzold, U. Baltensperger, and E. Weingartner, 2007
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1797-1807.


Chemical composition of free tropospheric aerosol for PM1 and coarse mode at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch.
Cozic, J., B. Verheggen, E. Weingartner, J. Crosier, K. N. Bower, M. Flynn, H. Coe, S. Henning, M. Steinbacher, S. Henne, M. Collaud Coen, A. Petzold, and U. Baltensperger, 2008b
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 407-423.


Relating hygroscopicity and composition of organic aerosol particulate matter.
Duplissy, J., P. F. DeCarlo, J. Dommen, M. R. Alfarra, A. Metzger, I. Barmpadimos, A. S. H. Prevot, E. Weingartner, T. Tritscher, M. Gysel, A. C. Aiken, J. L. Jimenez, M. R. Canagaratna, D. R. Worsnop, D. R. Collins, J. Tomlinson, and U. Baltensperger, 2011
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1155-1165.


Chemical composition and mixing-state of ice residuals sampled within mixed phase clouds.
Ebert, M., A. Worringen, N. Benker, S. Mertes, E. Weingartner, and S. Weinbruch, 2011
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2805-2816.


Sampling and chemical analysis of ice crystals as a function of size.
Ehrman, S. H., M. Schwikowski, U. Baltensperger, and H. W. Gaggeler, 2001
Atmos. Env., 35, 5371-5376.


Measured and predicted aerosol light scattering enhancement factors at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch.
Fierz-Schmidhauser, R., P. Zieger, M. Gysel, L. Kammermann, P. F. DeCarlo, U. Baltensperger, and E. Weingartner, 2010
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2319-2333.


Size-dependent aerosol activation at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl).
Henning, S., E. Weingartner, S. Schmidt, M. Wendisch, H. W. Gaggeler, and U. Baltensperger, 2002
Tellus, 54, 82-95.


Seasonal variation of water-soluble ions of the aerosol at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl).
Henning, S., E. Weingartner, M. Schwikowski, H. W. Gaggeler, R. Gehrig, K. P. Hinz, A. Trimborn, B. Spengler, and U. Baltensperger, 2003
J. Geophys. Res, 108, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002439.


In situ determination of atmospheric aerosol composition as a function of hygroscopic growth.
Herich, H., L. Kammermann, M. Gysel, E. Weingartner, U. Baltensperger, U. Lohmann, and D. J. Cziczo, 2008
J. Geophys. Res., 113, D16213, doi:10.1029/2008JD009954.


Aerosol single particle composition at the Jungfraujoch.
Hinz, K. P., A. Trimborn, E. Weingartner, S. Henning, U. Baltensperger, and B. Spengler, 2005
J. Aerosol Sci., 36, 123-145.


Aerosol processing in mixed-phase clouds in ECHAM5-HAM: Model description and comparison to observations.
Hoose, C., U. Lohmann, P. Stier, B. Verheggen, and E. Weingartner, 2008
J. Geophys. Res., 113, doi:10.1029/2007jd009251.


Measured and modelled cloud condensation nuclei concentration at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch.
Jurányi, Z., M. Gysel, E. Weingartner, P. F. DeCarlo, L. Kammermann, and U. Baltensperger, 2010
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7891-7906, doi: 10.5194/acp-10-7891-2010


13-month climatology of the aerosol hygroscopicity at the free tropospheric site Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.).
Kammermann, L., M. Gysel, E. Weingartner, and U. Baltensperger, 2010
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10717-10732, doi:10.5194/acp-10-10717-2010.


Study on the chemical character of water soluble organic compounds in fine atmospheric aerosol at the Jungfraujoch.
Krivacsy, Z., A. Gelencser, G. Kiss, E. Meszaros, A. Molnar, A. Hoffer, T. Meszaros, Z. Sarvari, D. Temesi, B. Varga, U. Baltensperger, S. Nyeki, and E. Weingartner, 2001a
J. Atmos. Chem., 39, 235-259.


Role of organic and blackcarbon in the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol at European background sites.
Krivacsy, Z., A. Hoffer, Z. Sarvari, D. Temesi, U. Baltensperger, S. Nyeki, E. Weingartner, S. Kleefeld, and S. G. Jennings, 2001b
Atmos. Env., 35, 6231–6244.


Single particle characterization of black carbon aerosols at a tropospheric alpine site in Switzerland.
Liu, D., M. Flynn, M. Gysel, A. Targino, I. Crawford, K. Bower, T. Choularton, Z. Jurányi, M. Steinbacher, C. Hüglin, J. Curtius, M. Kampus, A. Petzold, E. Weingartner, U. Baltensperger, and H. Coe, 2010
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7389-7407, doi: 10.5194/acp-10-7389-2010


EUCAARI ion spectrometer measurements at 12 European sites – analysis of new-particle formation events.
Manninen, H. E., T. Nieminen, E. Asmi, S. Gagné, S. Häkkinen, K. Lehtipalo, P. Aalto, M. Vana, A. Mirme, S. Mirme, U. Hõrrak, C. Plass-Dülmer, G. Stange, G. Kiss, A. Hoffer, N. Töro, M. Moerman, B. Henzing, G. d. Leeuw, M. Brinkenberg, G. N. Kouvarakis, A. Bougiatioti, N. Mihalopoulos, C. O'Dowd, D. Ceburnis, A. Arneth, B. Svenningsson, E. Swietlicki, L. Tarozzi, S. Decesari, M. C. Facchini, W. Birmili, A. Sonntag, A. Wiedensohler, J. Boulon, K. Sellegri, M. G. P. Laj, N. Bukowiecki, E. Weingartner, G. Wehrle, A. Laaksonen, A. Hamed, J. Joutsensaari, T. Petäjä, V.-M. Kerminen, and M. Kulmala, 2010
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7907-7927, doi: 10.5194/acp-10-7907-2010


Counterflow virtual impactor based collection of small ice particles in mixed-phase clouds for the physico-chemical characterisation of tropospheric ice nuclei: sampler description and first case study.
Mertes, S., B. Verheggen, S. Walter, M. Ebert, P. Connolly, E. Weingartner, J. Schneider, K. N. Bower, M. Inerle-Hof, J. Cozic, U. Baltensperger, and J. Heinzenberg, 2007
Aerosol Sci. Technol., 41, 848-864.


Simultaneous dry and ambient measurements of aerosol size distributions at the Jungfraujoch.
Nessler, R., N. Bukowiecki, S. Henning, E. Weingartner, B. Calpini, and U. Baltensperger, 2003
Tellus, 55, 808-819.


Adaptation of dry nephelometer measurements to ambient conditions at the Jungfraujoch.
Nessler, R., E. Weingartner, and U. Baltensperger, 2005a
Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 2219-2228.


Effect of humidity on aerosol light absorption and its implications for extinction and the single scattering albedo illustrated for a site in the lower free troposphere.
Nessler, R., E. Weingartner, and U. Baltensperger, 2005b
J. Aerosol Sci., 36, 958-972.


Primary versus secondary contributions to particle number concentrations in the European boundary layer.
Reddington, C. L., K. S. Carslaw, D. V. Spracklen, M. G. Frontoso, L. Collins, J. Merikanto, A. Minikin, T. Hamburger, H. Coe, M. Kulmala, P. Aalto, H. Flentje, C. Plass-Dülmer, W. Birmili, A. Wiedensohler, B. Wehner, T. Tuch, A. Sonntag, C. D. O'Dowd, S. G. Jennings, R. Dupuy, U. Baltensperger, E. Weingartner, H.-C. Hansson, P. Tunved, P. Laj, K. Sellegri, J. Boulon, J.-P. Putaud, C. Gruening, E. Swietlicki, P. Roldin, J. S. Henzing, M. Moerman, N. Mihalopoulos, G. Kouvarakis, V. Ždímal, N. Zíková, A. Marinoni, P. Bonasoni, and R. Duchi, 2011
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 18249-18318.


Hygroscopicity of the submicrometer aerosol at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch, 3580 m a.s.l., Switzerland.
Sjogren, S., M. Gysel, E. Weingartner, M. R. Alfarra, J. Duplissy, J. Cozic, J. Crosier, H. Coe, and U. Baltensperger, 2008
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5715-5729.


Explaining global surface aerosol number concentrations in terms of primary emissions and particle formation.
Spracklen, D. V., K. S. Carslaw, J. Merikanto, G. W. Mann, C. L. Reddington, S. Pickering, J. A. Ogren, E. Andrews, U. Baltensperger, E. Weingartner, M. Boy, M. Kulmala, L. Laakso, H. Lihavainen, N. Kivekas, M. Komppula, N. Mihalopoulos, G. Kouvarakis, S. G. Jennings, C. O'Dowd, W. Birmili, A. Wiedensohler, R. Weller, J. Gras, P. Laj, K. Sellegri, B. Bonn, R. Krejci, A. Laaksonen, A. Hamed, A. Minikin, R. M. Harrison, R. Talbot, and J. Sun, 2010
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4775-4793, doi: 10.5194/acp-10-4775-2010


Characterization of size-fractionated aerosol from the Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl) using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF).
Streit, N., E. Weingartner, C. Zellweger, M. Schwikowski, H. W. Gaggeler, and U. Baltensperger, 2000
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 76, 1-16.


Influence of particle chemical composition on the phase of cold clouds at a high-alpine site in Switzerland.
Targino, A. C., H. Coe, J. Cozic, J. Crosier, I. Crawford, K. Bower, M. Flynn, M. Gallagher, J. Allan, B. Verheggen, E. Weingartner, U. Baltensperger, and T. Choularton, 2009
J. Geophys. Res., 114, 20.


Aerosol partitioning between the interstitial and the condensed phase in mixed-phase clouds.
Verheggen, B., J. Cozic, E. Weingartner, K. Bower, S. Mertes, P. Connolly, M. Gallagher, M. Flynn, T. Choularton, and U. Baltensperger, 2007
J. Geophys. Res, 112, doi:10.1029/2007JD008714R.


Hygroscopicity of aerosol particles at low temperatures. 1. New low-temperature H-TDMA instrument: Setup and first applications.
Weingartner, E., M. Gysel, and U. Baltensperger, 2002
Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 55-62.


Seasonal and diurnal variation of aerosol size distributions (10 < D < 750 nm) at a high-alpine site (Jungfraujoch 3580 m asl)
Weingartner, E., S. Nyeki, and U. Baltensperger, 1999
J. Geophys. Res., 104, 26809-26820

Summertime NOy speciation at the Jungfraujoch, 3580 m above sea level, Switzerland.
Zellweger, C., M. Ammann, B. Buchmann, P. Hofer, M. Lugauer, R. Ruttimann, N. Streit, E. Weingartner, and U. Baltensperger, 2000
J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6655-6667.