GAW Longterm Aerosol Monitoring at the High-Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch


Duration: Continuous since 1995
Funding: GAW-CH coordinated by the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss)
Contact: Benjamin Brem (benjamin.brem@psi.ch) and Martin Gysel-Beer (martin.gysel@psi.ch)

Table of Contents

Inlets for continuous aerosol observations at the Jungfraujoch research station.

In 1988 the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) initiated an aerosol research programme at the high Alpine Research Station Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl). Since 1995 the Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry at PSI has been responsible for the continuous aerosol measurements performed at Jungfraujoch within the Swiss contribution to the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program of the World Meteorological Organization. In Europe, the GAW program is tightly linked to the Aerosol, Clouds and Traces Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS). This site also serves as a platform for international research projects to investigate aerosol processes and environmental impacts through e.g. their interaction with solar radiation or clouds. See also ACTRIS Switzerland.

The broader aim of our longterm observations and associated research projects performed at the high-altitude research station Jungfraujoch is to achieve a better understanding of the live-cycle of atmospheric aerosols and their climate and weather impacts. Given the location high up in the alps, its is possible to probe free tropospheric background aerosol and to investigate transport events of particles originating from within the polluted planetary boundary layer, where the vast majority of aerosol emissions occur. Specific topics include:

Environmental impacts of atmospheric aerosols depend on many different physical, optical and chemical properties of the particles which are highly variable in time and space. Furthermore, many additional atmospheric parameters influence aerosol processes driving these impacts. In order to understand these processes and to quantify aerosol impacts, it is therefore of crucial importance to run multi-site and multi-parameter atmospheric observation networks and to make acquired data available to the research community.

Visualizations of current concentration and properties of aerosol particles observed at the Jungfraujoch research station are presented in near real-time at: https://www.actris.ch/data/jungfraujoch-national-facility/

Quality controlled aerosol data are made available through the portal of the EBAS database infrastructure, which serves as international data center hosting atmospheric composition data from the GAW (https://www.gaw-wdca.org/) and several other observation networks.

The following aerosol parameters are measured on a continuous basis at the Jungfraujoch:

Aerosol
parameter

Employed method
or instrument

Responsible
institute

Measurement
period

Particulate mass concentration

TSP, PM10, PM1

 

HiVol, Gravimetry, Fidas
Betagauge (discontinued)

 

Empa
PSI

 

2006 – ongoing

Aerosol chemical composition

In different size fractions

 

Aerosol mass spectrometry
and Ion chromatography

 

PSI and Empa

 

1999 – ongoing

Light absorption coefficient

At multiple wavelengths
(from 370 to 950 nm)

 

Aethalometer and MAAP

 

PSI

 

1995 – ongoing

Light scattering coefficient

Light scattering coefficient and
backscattering coefficient
(at 3 visible wavelengths)

 

Nephelometer

 

PSI

 

1995 – ongoing

Particle number concentration

With diameter >10 nm

 

Condensation particle counter (CPC)

 

PSI

 

1995 – ongoing

Particle size distribution

Fine and coarse modes

 

Mobility particle size spectrometer (MPSS)
and Aerodynamic Particle sizer (APS)

 

PSI

 

2008 – ongoing

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)

CCN number concentration
at various supersaturations

 

Cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNC)

 

PSI

 

2008 – ongoing

Aerosol optical depth

At multiple wavelengths
(380, 440, 500, and 870 nm)

 

Precision Filter Radiometer (PFR)

 

MeteoSwiss

 

1999 – ongoing

  • Leonarski F, Nan J, Matej Z, Bertrand Q, Furrer A, Gorgisyan I, et al.
    Kilohertz serial crystallography with the JUNGFRAU detector at a fourth-generation synchrotron source
    IUCrJ. 2023; 10(6): 729-737. https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252523008618
    DORA PSI
  • Beck I, Angot H, Baccarini A, Dada L, Quéléver L, Jokinen T, et al.
    Automated identification of local contamination in remote atmospheric composition time series
    Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2022; 15(14): 4195-4224. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4195-2022
    DORA PSI
  • Brunner C, Brem BT, Collaud Coen M, Conen F, Steinbacher M, Gysel-Beer M, et al.
    The diurnal and seasonal variability of ice-nucleating particles at the high altitude station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.), Switzerland
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2022; 22(11): 7557-7573. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7557-2022
    DORA PSI
  • Affolter S, Schibig M, Berhanu T, Bukowiecki N, Steinbacher M, Nyfeler P, et al.
    Assessing local CO2 contamination revealed by two near-by high altitude records at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
    Environmental Research Letters. 2021; 16(4): 044037 (12 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe74a
    DORA PSI
  • Bressi M, Cavalli F, Putaud JP, Fröhlich R, Petit J-E, Aas W, et al.
    A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: high-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe
    Atmospheric Environment: X. 2021; 10: 100108 (16 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100108
    DORA PSI
  • Brunner C, Brem BT, Collaud Coen M, Conen F, Hervo M, Henne S, et al.
    The contribution of Saharan dust to the ice-nucleating particle concentrations at the High Altitude Station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.), Switzerland
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2021; 21(23): 18029-18053. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18029-2021
    DORA PSI
  • Bukowiecki N, Brem BT, Wehrle G, Močnik G, Affolter S, Leuenberger M, et al.
    Elucidating local pollution and site representativeness at the Jungfraujoch, Switzerland through parallel aerosol measurements at an adjacent mountain ridge
    Environmental Research Communications. 2021; 3(2): 021001 (12 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/abe987
    DORA PSI
  • Lacher L, Clemen H-C, Shen X, Mertes S, Gysel-Beer M, Moallemi A, et al.
    Sources and nature of ice-nucleating particles in the free troposphere at Jungfraujoch in winter 2017
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2021; 21(22): 16925-16953. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16925-2021
    DORA PSI
  • Rose C, Collaud Coen M, Andrews E, Lin Y, Bossert I, Lund Myhre C, et al.
    Seasonality of the particle number concentration and size distribution: a global analysis retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2021; 21(22): 17185-17223. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17185-2021
    DORA PSI
  • Sun J, Hermann M, Yuan Y, Birmili W, Collaud Coen M, Weinhold K, et al.
    Long-term trends of black carbon and particle number concentration in the lower free troposphere in Central Europe
    Environmental Sciences Europe. 2021; 33(1): 47 (16 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00488-w
    DORA PSI
  • Collaud Coen M, Andrews E, Alastuey A, Petkov Arsov T, Backman J, Brem BT, et al.
    Multidecadal trend analysis of in situ aerosol radiative properties around the world
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020; 20(14): 8867-8908. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8867-2020
    DORA PSI
  • Laj P, Bigi A, Rose C, Andrews E, Lund Myhre C, Collaud Coen M, et al.
    A global analysis of climate-relevant aerosol properties retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories
    Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2020; 13(8): 4353-4392. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4353-2020
    DORA PSI
  • Motos G, Corbin JC, Schmale J, Modini RL, Bertò M, Kupiszewski P, et al.
    Black carbon aerosols in the lower free troposphere are heavily coated in summer but largely uncoated in winter at Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps
    Geophysical Research Letters. 2020; 47(14): e2020GL088011 (10 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088011
    DORA PSI
  • Osmont D, Brugger S, Gilgen A, Weber H, Sigl M, Modini RL, et al.
    Tracing devastating fires in Portugal to a snow archive in the Swiss Alps: a case study
    Cryosphere. 2020; 14(11): 3731-3745. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3731-2020
    DORA PSI
  • Creamean JM, Mignani C, Bukowiecki N, Conen F
    Using freezing spectra characteristics to identify ice-nucleating particle populations during the winter in the Alps
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019; 19(12): 8123-8140. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8123-2019
    DORA PSI
  • Fanourgakis GS, Kanakidou M, Nenes A, Bauer SE, Bergman T, Carslaw KS, et al.
    Evaluation of global simulations of aerosol particle and cloud condensation nuclei number, with implications for cloud droplet formation
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019; 19(13): 8591-8617. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8591-2019
    DORA PSI
  • Gute E, Lacher L, Kanji ZA, Kohl R, Curtius J, Weber D, et al.
    Field evaluation of a Portable Fine Particle Concentrator (PFPC) for ice nucleating particle measurements
    Aerosol Science and Technology. 2019; 53(9): 1067-1078. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2019.1626346
    DORA PSI
  • Motos G, Schmale J, Corbin JC, Modini RL, Karlen N, Bertò M, et al.
    Cloud droplet activation properties and scavenged fraction of black carbon in liquid-phase clouds at the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.)
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019; 19(6): 3833-3855. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3833-2019
    DORA PSI
  • Vogel AL, Lauer A, Fang L, Arturi K, Bachmeier F, Daellenbach KR, et al.
    A comprehensive nontarget analysis for the molecular reconstruction of organic aerosol composition from glacier ice cores
    Environmental Science and Technology. 2019; 53(21): 12565-12575. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03091
    DORA PSI
  • Collaud Coen M, Andrews E, Aliaga D, Andrade M, Angelov H, Bukowiecki N, et al.
    Identification of topographic features influencing aerosol observations at high altitude stations
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2018; 18(16): 12289-12313. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12289-2018
    DORA PSI
  • Conen F, Bukowiecki N, Gysel M, Steinbacher M, Fischer A, Reimann S
    Low number concentration of ice nucleating particles in an aged smoke plume
    Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2018; 144(715): 1991-1994. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3312
    DORA PSI
  • Lacher L, DeMott PJ, Levin EJT, Suski KJ, Boose Y, Zipori A, et al.
    Background free-tropospheric ice nucleating particle concentrations at mixed-phase cloud conditions
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2018; 123(18): 10506-10525. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028338
    DORA PSI
  • Lacher L, Steinbacher M, Bukowiecki N, Herrmann E, Zipori A, Kanji ZA
    Impact of air mass conditions and aerosol properties on ice nucleating particle concentrations at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch
    Atmosphere. 2018; 9(9): 363 (25 pp.). https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9090363
    DORA PSI
  • Pandolfi M, Alados-Arboledas L, Alastuey A, Andrade M, Angelov C, Artiñano B, et al.
    A European aerosol phenomenology – 6: scattering properties of atmospheric aerosol particles from 28 ACTRIS sites
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2018; 18(11): 7877-7911. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7877-2018
    DORA PSI
  • Schmale J, Henning S, Decesari S, Henzing B, Keskinen H, Sellegri K, et al.
    Long-term cloud condensation nuclei number concentration, particle number size distribution and chemical composition measurements at regionally representative observatories
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2018; 18(4): 2853-2881. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2853-2018
    DORA PSI
  • Frege C, Bianchi F, Molteni U, Tröstl J, Junninen H, Henne S, et al.
    Chemical characterization of atmospheric ions at the high altitude research station Jungfraujoch (Switzerland)
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017; 17(4): 2613-2629. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2613-2017
    DORA PSI
  • Lacher L, Lohmann U, Boose Y, Zipori A, Herrmann E, Bukowiecki N, et al.
    The Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC): INP measurements at conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017; 17(24): 15199-15224. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15199-2017
    DORA PSI
  • Schmale J, Henning S, Henzing B, Keskinen H, Sellegri K, Ovadnevaite J, et al.
    Collocated observations of cloud condensation nuclei, particle size distributions, and chemical composition
    Scientific Data. 2017; 4: 170003 (26 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.3
    DORA PSI
  • Schmidt S, Schneider J, Klimach T, Mertes S, Schenk LP, Kupiszewski P, et al.
    Online single particle analysis of ice particle residuals from mountain-top mixed-phase clouds using laboratory derived particle type assignment
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017; 17(1): 575-594. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-575-2017
    DORA PSI
  • Bianchi F, Tröstl J, Junninen H, Frege C, Henne S, Hoyle CR, et al.
    New particle formation in the free troposphere: a question of chemistry and timing
    Science. 2016; 352(6289): 1109-1112. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad5456
    DORA PSI
  • Boose Y, Kanji ZA, Kohn M, Sierau B, Zipori A, Crawford I, et al.
    Ice nucleating particle measurements at 241K during winter months at 3580m MSL in the Swiss alps
    Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 2016; 73(5): 2203-2228. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-15-0236.1
    DORA PSI
  • Bukowiecki N, Weingartner E, Gysel M, Coen MC, Zieger P, Herrmann E, et al.
    A review of more than 20 years of aerosol observation at the high altitude research station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3580 m asl)
    Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2016; 16(3): 764-788. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.05.0305
    DORA PSI
  • Crawford I, Lloyd G, Herrmann E, Hoyle CR, Bower KN, Connolly PJ, et al.
    Observations of fluorescent aerosol–cloud interactions in the free troposphere at the High-Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016; 16(4): 2273-2284. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2273-2016
    DORA PSI
  • Hoyle CR, Webster CS, Rieder HE, Nenes A, Hammer E, Herrmann E, et al.
    Chemical and physical influences on aerosol activation in liquid clouds: a study based on observations from the Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016; 16(6): 4043-4061. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4043-2016
    DORA PSI
  • Kupiszewski P, Zanatta M, Mertes S, Vochezer P, Lloyd G, Schneider J, et al.
    Ice residual properties in mixed-phase clouds at the high-alpine Jungfraujoch site
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2016; 121(20): 12343-12362. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD024894
    DORA PSI
  • Stopelli E, Conen F, Morris CE, Herrmann E, Henne S, Steinbacher M, et al.
    Predicting abundance and variability of ice nucleating particles in precipitation at the high-altitude observatory Jungfraujoch
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2016; 16(13): 8341-8351. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8341-2016
    DORA PSI
  • Tröstl J, Herrmann E, Frege C, Bianchi F, Molteni U, Bukowiecki N, et al.
    Contribution of new particle formation to the total aerosol concentration at the high-altitude site Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl, Switzerland)
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2016; 121(19): 11692-11711. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024637
    DORA PSI
  • Tröstl J, Chuang WK, Gordon H, Heinritzi M, Yan C, Molteni U, et al.
    The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere
    Nature. 2016; 533(7604): 527-531. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18271
    DORA PSI
  • Vochezer P, Järvinen E, Wagner R, Kupiszewski P, Leisner T, Schnaiter M
    In situ characterization of mixed phase clouds using the Small Ice Detector and the Particle Phase Discriminator
    Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2016; 9(1): 159-177. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-159-2016
    DORA PSI
  • Conen F, Rodríguez S, Hüglin C, Henne S, Herrmann E, Bukowiecki N, et al.
    Atmospheric ice nuclei at the high-altitude observatory Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
    Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 2015; 67(1): 25014 (10 pp.). https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v67.25014
    DORA PSI
  • Fröhlich R, Cubison MJ, Slowik JG, Bukowiecki N, Canonaco F, Croteau PL, et al.
    Fourteen months of on-line measurements of the non-refractory submicron aerosol at the Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) - chemical composition, origins and organic aerosol sources
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2015; 15(19): 11373-11398. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11373-2015
    DORA PSI
  • Grazioli J, Lloyd G, Panziera L, Hoyle CR, Connolly PJ, Henneberger J, et al.
    Polarimetric radar and in situ observations of riming and snowfall microphysics during CLACE 2014
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2015; 15(23): 13787-13802. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13787-2015
    DORA PSI
  • Hammer E, Bukowiecki N, Luo BP, Lohmann U, Marcolli C, Weingartner E, et al.
    Sensitivity estimations for cloud droplet formation in the vicinity of the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.)
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2015; 15(18): 10309-10323. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10309-2015
    DORA PSI
  • Herrmann E, Weingartner E, Henne S, Vuilleumier L, Bukowiecki N, Steinbacher M, et al.
    Analysis of long-term aerosol size distribution data from Jungfraujoch with emphasis on free tropospheric conditions, cloud influence, and air mass transport
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2015; 120(18): 9459-9480. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023660
    DORA PSI
  • Kupiszewski P, Weingartner E, Vochezer P, Schnaiter M, Bigi A, Gysel M, et al.
    The Ice Selective Inlet: a novel technique for exclusive extraction of pristine ice crystals in mixed-phase clouds
    Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2015; 8(8): 3087-3106. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3087-2015
    DORA PSI
  • Paramonov M, Kerminen V-M, Gysel M, Aalto PP, Andreae MO, Asmi E, et al.
    A synthesis of cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNC) measurements within the EUCAARI network
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2015; 15(21): 12211-12229. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12211-2015
    DORA PSI
  • Stopelli E, Conen F, Morris CE, Herrmann E, Bukowiecki N, Alewell C
    Ice nucleation active particles are efficiently removed by precipitating clouds
    Scientific Reports. 2015; 5: 16433 (7 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16433
    DORA PSI
  • Worringen A, Kandler K, Benker N, Dirsch T, Mertes S, Schenk L, et al.
    Single-particle characterization of ice-nucleating particles and ice particle residuals sampled by three different techniques
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2015; 15(8): 4161-4178. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-4161-2015
    DORA PSI
  • Beddows DCS, Dall'Osto M, Harrison RM, Kulmala M, Asmi A, Wiedensohler A, et al.
    Variations in tropospheric submicron particle size distributions across the European continent 2008–2009
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2014; 14(8): 4327-4348. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4327-2014
    DORA PSI
  • Griffiths AD, Conen F, Weingartner E, Zimmermann L, Chambers SD, Williams AG, et al.
    Surface-to-mountaintop transport characterised by radon observations at the Jungfraujoch
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2014; 14(23): 12763-12779. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12763-2014
    DORA PSI
  • Hammer E, Bukowiecki N, Gysel M, Jurányi Z, Hoyle CR, Vogt R, et al.
    Investigation of the effective peak supersaturation for liquid-phase clouds at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3580 m a.s.l.)
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2014; 14(2): 1123-1139. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1123-2014
    DORA PSI
  • Hammer E, Gysel M, Roberts GC, Elias T, Hofer J, Hoyle CR, et al.
    Size-dependent particle activation properties in fog during the ParisFog 2012/13 field campaign
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2014; 14(19): 10517-10533. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10517-2014
    DORA PSI
  • Ketterer C, Zieger P, Bukowiecki N, Collaud Coen M, Maier O, Ruffieux D, et al.
    Investigation of the planetary boundary layer in the Swiss Alps using remote sensing and in situ measurements
    Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 2014; 151(2): 317-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-013-9897-8
    DORA PSI
  • Mann GW, Carslaw KS, Reddington CL, Pringle KJ, Schulz M, Asmi A, et al.
    Intercomparison and evaluation of global aerosol microphysical properties among AeroCom models of a range of complexity
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2014; 14(9): 4679-4713. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4679-2014
    DORA PSI
  • Mariani I, Eichler A, Jenk TM, Brönnimann S, Auchmann R, Leuenberger MC, et al.
    Temperature and precipitation signal in two Alpine ice cores over the period 1961-2001
    Climate of the Past. 2014; 10(3): 1093-1108. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1093-2014
    DORA PSI
  • Pavlova PA, Schmid P, Bogdal C, Steinlin C, Jenk TM, Schwikowski M
    Polychlorinated biphenyls in glaciers. 1. Deposition history from an Alpine ice core
    Environmental Science and Technology. 2014; 48(14): 7842-7848. https://doi.org/10.1021/es5017922
    DORA PSI
  • Schwikowski M, Jenk TM, Stampfli D, Stampfli F
    A new thermal drilling system for high-altitude or temperate glaciers
    Annals of Glaciology. 2014; 55(68): 131-136. https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG68A024
    DORA PSI
  • Steinlin C, Bogdal C, Scheringer M, Pavlova PA, Schwikowski M, Schmid P, et al.
    Polychlorinated biphenyls in glaciers. 2. Model results of deposition and incorporation processes
    Environmental Science and Technology. 2014; 48(14): 7849-7857. https://doi.org/10.1021/es501793h
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  • Zieger P, Fierz-Schmidhauser R, Poulain L, Müller T, Birmili W, Spindler G, et al.
    Influence of water uptake on the aerosol particle light scattering coefficients of the Central European aerosol
    Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 2014; 66(1): 22716 (14 pp.). https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v66.22716
    DORA PSI
  • Asmi A, Collaud Coen M, Ogren JA, Andrews E, Sheridan P, Jefferson A, et al.
    Aerosol decadal trends - part 2: in-situ aerosol particle number concentrations at GAW and ACTRIS stations
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2013; 13(2): 895-916. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-895-2013
    DORA PSI
  • Cao F, Zhang Y-L, Szidat S, Zapf A, Wacker L, Schwikowski M
    Microgram-level radiocarbon determination of carbonaceous particles in firn and ice samples: pretreatment and OC/EC separation
    Radiocarbon. 2013; 55(2): 383-390. https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16291
    DORA PSI
  • Collaud Coen M, Andrews E, Asmi A, Baltensperger U, Bukowiecki N, Day D, et al.
    Aerosol decadal trends - part 1: in-situ optical measurements at GAW and IMPROVE stations
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2013; 13(2): 869-894. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-869-2013
    DORA PSI
  • Fröhlich R, Cubison MJ, Slowik JG, Bukowiecki N, Prévôt ASH, Baltensperger U, et al.
    The ToF-ACSM: a portable aerosol chemical speciation monitor with TOFMS detection
    Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2013; 6(11): 3225-3241. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3225-2013
    DORA PSI
  • Jurányi Z, Tritscher T, Gysel M, Laborde M, Gomes L, Roberts G, et al.
    Hygroscopic mixing state of urban aerosol derived from size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei measurements during the MEGAPOLI campaign in Paris
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2013; 13(13): 6431-6446. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6431-2013
    DORA PSI
  • Zieger P, Fierz-Schmidhauser R, Weingartner E, Baltensperger U
    Effects of relative humidity on aerosol light scattering: results from different European sites
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2013; 13(21): 10609-10631. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10609-2013
    DORA PSI
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    Performance assessment of a volcanic ash transport model mini-ensemble used for inverse modeling of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption
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  • Spiegel JK, Zieger P, Bukowiecki N, Hammer E, Weingartner E, Eugster W
    Evaluating the capabilities and uncertainties of droplet measurements for the fog droplet spectrometer (FM-100)
    Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2012; 5(9): 2237-2260. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-2237-2012
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    Mobility particle size spectrometers: harmonization of technical standards and data structure to facilitate high quality long-term observations of atmospheric particle number size distributions
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  • Zieger P, Kienast-Sjögren E, Starace M, von Bismarck J, Bukowiecki N, Baltensperger U, et al.
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    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2012; 12(15): 7231-7249. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7231-2012
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    Ground-based and airborne in-situ measurements of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosol plume in Switzerland in spring 2010
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011; 11(19): 10011-10030. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10011-2011
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  • Chou C, Stetzer O, Weingartner E, Jurányi Z, Kanji ZA, Lohmann U
    Ice nuclei properties within a Saharan dust event at the Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011; 11(10): 4725-4738. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4725-2011
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  • Collaud Coen M, Weingartner E, Furger M, Nyeki S, Prévôt ASH, Steinbacher M, et al.
    Aerosol climatology and planetary boundary influence at the Jungfraujoch analyzed by synoptic weather types
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011; 11(12): 5931-5944. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5931-2011
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    Relating hygroscopicity and composition of organic aerosol particulate matter
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011; 11(3): 1155-1165. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1155-2011
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  • Ebert M, Worringen A, Benker N, Mertes S, Weingartner E, Weinbruch S
    Chemical composition and mixing-state of ice residuals sampled within mixed phase clouds
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2011; 11(6): 2805-2816. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2805-2011
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  • Jurányi Z, Gysel M, Weingartner E, Bukowiecki N, Kammermann L, Baltensperger U
    A 17 month climatology of the cloud condensation nuclei number concentration at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2011; 116(10): D10204 (16 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015199
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    New particle formation and ultrafine charged aerosol climatology at a high altitude site in the Alps (Jungfraujoch, 3580 m a.s.l., Switzerland)
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2010; 10(19): 9333-9349. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9333-2010
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  • Fierz-Schmidhauser R, Zieger P, Gysel M, Kammermann L, DeCarlo PF, Baltensperger U, et al.
    Measured and predicted aerosol light scattering enhancementfactors at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2010; 10(5): 2319-2333. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2319-2010
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  • Jurányi Z, Gysel M, Weingartner E, DeCarlo PF, Kammermann L, Baltensperger U
    Measured and modelled cloud condensation nuclei number concentration at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2010; 10(16): 7891-7906. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7891-2010
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  • Kammermann L, Gysel M, Weingartner E, Baltensperger U
    13-month climatology of the aerosol hygroscopicity at the free tropospheric site Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.)
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2010; 10(22): 10717-10732. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10717-2010
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  • Liu D, Flynn M, Gysel M, Targino A, Crawford I, Bower K, et al.
    Single particle characterization of black carbon aerosols at a tropospheric alpine site in Switzerland
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2010; 10(15): 7389-7407. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7389-2010
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  • Lanz VA, Henne S, Staehelin J, Hueglin C, Vollmer MK, Steinbacher M, et al.
    Statistical analysis of anthropogenic non-methane VOC variability at a European background location (Jungfraujoch, Switzerland)
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2009; 9(10): 3445-3459. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3445-2009
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  • Tarasova OA, Senik IA, Sosonkin MG, Cui J, Staehelin J, Prévôt ASH
    Surface ozone at the Caucasian site Kislovodsk High Mountain Station and the Swiss Alpine site Jungfraujoch: data analysis and trends (1990-2006)
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2009; 9(12): 4157-4175. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4157-2009
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  • Targino AC, Coe H, Cozic J, Crosier J, Crawford I, Bower K, et al.
    Influence of particle chemical composition on the phase of cold clouds at a high-alpine site in Switzerland
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2009; 114(D18): D18206 (20 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011365
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  • Andreani-Aksoyoğlu S, Keller J, Ordóñez C, Tinguely M, Schultz M, Prévôt ASH
    Influence of various emission scenarios on ozone in Europe
    Ecological Modelling. 2008; 217(3-4): 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.06.022
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  • Balzani Lööv JM, Henne S, Legreid G, Staehelin J, Reimann S, Prévôt ASH, et al.
    Estimation of background concentrations of trace gases at the Swiss Alpine site Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl)
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2008; 113(D22): D22305 (17 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009751
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  • Choularton TW, Bower KN, Weingartner E, Crawford I, Coe H, Gallagher MW, et al.
    The influence of small aerosol particles on the properties of water and ice clouds
    Faraday Discussions. 2008; 137: 205-222. https://doi.org/10.1039/B702722M
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  • Cozic J, Mertes S, Verheggen B, Cziczo DJ, Gallavardin SJ, Walter S, et al.
    Black carbon enrichment in atmospheric ice particle residuals observed in lower tropospheric mixed phase clouds
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2008; 113(D15): D15209 (11 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009266
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  • Cozic J, Verheggen B, Weingartner E, Crosier J, Bower KN, Flynn M, et al.
    Chemical composition of free tropospheric aerosol for PM1 and coarse mode at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2008; 8(2): 407-423. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-407-2008
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  • Heikkilä U, Beer J, Alfimov V
    Beryllium‐10 and beryllium‐7 in precipitation in Dübendorf (440 m) and at Jungfraujoch (3580 m), Switzerland (1998-2005)
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2008; 113(D11): D11104 (10 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009160
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  • Herich H, Kammermann L, Gysel M, Weingartner E, Baltensperger U, Lohmann U, et al.
    In situ determination of atmospheric aerosol composition as a function of hygroscopic growth
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2008; 113(D16): D16213 (14 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009954
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  • Hoose C, Lohmann U, Stier P, Verheggen B, Weingartner E
    Aerosol processing in mixed‐phase clouds in ECHAM5‐HAM: model description and comparison to observations
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2008; 113(D7): D07210 (17 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009251
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  • Sjogren S, Gysel M, Weingartner E, Alfarra MR, Duplissy J, Cozic J, et al.
    Hygroscopicity of the submicrometer aerosol at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch, 3580 m a.s.l., Switzerland
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2008; 8(18): 5715-5729. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5715-2008
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  • Collaud Coen M, Weingartner E, Nyeki S, Cozic J, Henning S, Verheggen B, et al.
    Long-term trend analysis of aerosol variables at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2007; 112(D13): D13213 (11 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007995
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  • Cozic J, Verheggen B, Mertes S, Connolly P, Bower K, Petzold A, et al.
    Scavenging of black carbon in mixed phase clouds at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2007; 7(7): 1797-1807. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1797-2007
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  • Mertes S, Verheggen B, Walter S, Connolly P, Ebert M, Schneider J, et al.
    Counterflow virtual impactor based collection of small ice particles in mixed-phase clouds for the physico-chemical characterization of tropospheric ice nuclei: Sampler description and first case study
    Aerosol Science and Technology. 2007; 41(9): 848-864. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820701501881
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    European emissions of HFC-365mfc, a chlorine-free substitute for the foam blowing agents HCFC-141b and CFC-11
    Environmental Science and Technology. 2007; 41(4): 1145-1151. https://doi.org/10.1021/es061298h
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  • Verheggen B, Cozic J, Weingartner E, Bower K, Mertes S, Connolly P, et al.
    Aerosol partitioning between the interstitial and the condensed phase in mixed-phase clouds
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2007; 112(23): D23202 (13 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008714
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  • Hinz K-P, Trimborn A, Weingartner E, Henning S, Baltensperger U, Spengler B
    Aerosol single particle composition at the Jungfraujoch
    Journal of Aerosol Science. 2005; 36(1): 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.001
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  • Nessler R, Weingartner E, Baltensperger U
    Adaptation of dry nephelometer measurements to ambient conditions at the Jungfraujoch
    Environmental Science and Technology. 2005; 39(7): 2219-2228. https://doi.org/10.1021/es035450g
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  • Nessler R, Weingartner E, Baltensperger U
    Effect of humidity on aerosol light absorption and its implications for extinction and the single scattering albedo illustrated for a site in the lower free troposphere
    Journal of Aerosol Science. 2005; 36(8): 958-972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.11.012
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  • Collaud Coen M, Weingartner E, Schaub D, Hueglin C, Corrigan C, Henning S, et al.
    Saharan dust events at the Jungfraujoch: detection by wavelength dependence of the single scattering albedo and first climatology analysis
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2004; 4(11/12): 2465-2480. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2465-2004
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    Accelerator mass spectrometry of particle-bound 10Be
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2004; 223-224(Spec. Iss.): 601-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.111
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  • Tositti L, Hübener S, Kanter HJ, Ringer W, Sandrini S, Tobler L
    Intercomparison of sampling and measurement of 7Be in air at four high-altitude locations in Europe
    Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2004; 61(6): 1497-1502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.04.003
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  • Eyrikh S, Schwikowski M, Gäggeler HW, Tobler L, Papina T
    First mercury determination in snow and firn from high-mountain glaciers in the Siberian Altai by CV-ICP-MS
    In: Vol. 107. Journal de physique IV. Les Ulis Cedex A: EDP Sciences; 2003:431-434. https://doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20030333
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  • Henning S, Weingartner E, Schwikowski M, Gäggeler HW, Gehrig R, Hinz K-P, et al.
    Seasonal variation of water-soluble ions of the aerosol at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl)
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2003; 108(D1): ACH 8-1-ACH 8-10. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002439
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  • Nessler R, Bukowiecki N, Henning S, Weingartner E, Calpini B, Baltensperger U
    Simultaneous dry and ambient measurements of aerosol size distributions at the Jungfraujoch
    Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 2003; 55(3): 808-819. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v55i3.16371
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  • Zellweger C, Forrer J, Hofer P, Nyeki S, Schwarzenbach B, Weingartner E, et al.
    Partitioning of reactive nitrogen (NOy) and dependence on meteorological conditions in the lower free troposphere
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2003; 3(3): 779-796. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-779-2003
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  • Weingartner E, Gysel M, Baltensperger U
    Hygroscopicity of aerosol particles at low temperatures. 1. New low-temperature H-TDMA instrument:  setup and first applications
    Environmental Science and Technology. 2002; 36(1): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1021/es010054o
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    The influence of south Foehn on the ozone distribution in the Alpine Rhine valley - results from the MAP field phase
    Atmospheric Environment. 2001; 35(36): 6379-6390. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00364-8
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  • Ehrman SH, Schwikowski M, Baltensperger U, Gäggeler HW
    Sampling and chemical analysis of ice crystals as a function of size
    Atmospheric Environment. 2001; 35(31): 5371-5376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00294-1
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  • Gerasopoulos E, Zanis P, Stohl A, Zerefos CS, Papastefanou C, Ringer W, et al.
    A climatology of 7Be at four high-altitude stations at the Alps and the Northern Apennines
    Atmospheric Environment. 2001; 35(36): 6347-6360. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00400-9
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  • Krivácsy Z, Hoffer A, Sárvári Z, Temesi D, Baltensperger U, Nyeki S, et al.
    Role of organic and black carbon in the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol at European background sites
    Atmospheric Environment: X. 2001; 35(36): 6231-6244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00467-8
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  • Krivácsy Z, Gelencsér A, Kiss G, Mészáros E, Molnár Á, Hoffer A, et al.
    Study on the chemical character of water soluble organic compounds in fine atmospheric aerosol at the Jungfraujoch
    Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry. 2001; 39: 235-259. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010637003083
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  • Lugauer M, Baltensperger U, Furger M, Gäggeler HW, Jost DT, Nyeki S, et al.
    Influences of vertical transport and scavenging on aerosol particle surface area and radon decay product concentrations at the Jungfraujoch (3454 m above sea level)
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2000; 105(D15): 19869-19879. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900184
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  • Streit N, Weingartner E, Zellweger C, Schwikowski M, Gäggeler HW, Baltensperger U
    Characterization of size-fractionated aerosol from the Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl) using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF)
    International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2000; 76(1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067310008034114
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  • Zellweger C, Ammann M, Buchmann B, Hofer P, Lugauer M, Rüttimann R, et al.
    Summertime NOy speciation at the Jungfraujoch, 3580 m above sea level, Switzerland
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 2000; 105(D5): 6655-6667. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901126
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  • Lavanchy VMH, Gäggeler HW, Nyeki S, Baltensperger U
    Elemental carbon (EC) and black carbon (BC) measurements with a thermal method and an aethalometer at the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch
    Atmospheric Environment: X. 1999; 33(17): 2759-2769. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00328-8
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  • Nyeki S, Kalberer M, Lugauer M, Weingartner E, Petzold A, Schröder F, et al.
    Condensation nuclei (CN) and ultrafine CN in the free troposphere to 12 km: a case study over the Jungfraujoch high-alpine research station
    Geophysical Research Letters. 1999; 26(14): 2195-2198. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900473
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  • Schwikowski M, Brütsch S, Gäggeler HW, Schotterer U
    A high-resolution air chemistry record from an Alpine ice core: Fiescherhorn glacier, Swiss Alps
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 1999; 104(D11): 13709-13719. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD100112
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  • Weingartner E, Nyeki S, Henning S, Baltensperger U
    Hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles at low temperatures (T < 0°C)
    Journal of Aerosol Science. 1999; 30(Suppl. 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(99)80020-2
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  • Weingartner E, Nyeki S, Baltensperger U
    Seasonal and diurnal variation of aerosol size distributions (10 < D < 750 nm) at a high-alpine site (Jungfraujoch 3580 m asl)
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 1999; 104(D21): 26809-26820. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900170
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  • Baltensperger U, Schwikowski M, Jost DT, Nyeki S, Gäggeler HW, Poulida O
    Scavenging of atmospheric constituents in mixed phase clouds at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch. Part I: basic concept and aerosol scavenging by clouds
    Atmospheric Environment. 1998; 32(23): 3975-3983. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00051-X
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  • Lugauer M, Baltensperger U, Furger M, Gäggeler HW, Jost DT, Schwikowski M, et al.
    Aerosol transport to the high Alpine sites Jungfraujoch (3454 m asl) and Colle Gnifetti (4452 m asl)
    Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 1998; 50(1): 76-92. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v50i1.16026
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  • Poulida O, Schwikowski M, Baltensperger U, Staehelin J, Gaeggeler HW
    Scavenging of atmospheric constituents in mixed phase clouds at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch—part II. Influence of riming on the scavenging of particulate and gaseous chemical species
    Atmospheric Environment. 1998; 32(23): 3985-4000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00131-9
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  • Schwikowski M, Baltensperger U, Gäggeler HW, Poulida O
    Scavenging of atmospheric constituents in mixed phase clouds at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch part III: quantification of the removal of chemical species by precipitating snow
    Atmospheric Environment. 1998; 32(23): 4001-4010. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00050-8
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    Transport of polluted boundary layer air from the Po Valley to high-alpine sites
    Atmospheric Environment. 1998; 32(23): 3953-3965. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00174-X
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    Aerosol climatology at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
    Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. 1997; 102(D16): 19707-19715. https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd00928
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  • Schwikowski M, Baltensperger U, Gäggeler H
    Air/snow transfer studies at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
    In: Wolff EW, Bales RC, eds. Chemical exchange between the atmosphere and polar snow. Vol. 43. NATO ASI series. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer; 1996:601-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61171-1_30
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  • Gäggeler HW, Jost DT, Baltensperger U, Schwikowski M, Seibert P
    Radon and thoron decay product and 210Pb measurements at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
    Atmospheric Environment. 1995; 29(5): 607-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00195-Q
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  • Schwikowski M, Seibert P, Baltensperger U, Gäggeler HW
    A study of an outstanding Saharan dust event at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
    Atmospheric Environment. 1995; 29(15): 1829-1842. https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00060-C
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