Dr. Jinghui Luo

Our research aims at understanding the structure and function of amyloid aggregates in neurodegeneration with two objectives:

(1) Optimizing stoichiometry-defined amyloid oligomers towards a new understanding of neurodegeneration
In Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Aβ and α-synuclein can aggregate into transient oligomers, and eventually deposit as insoluble fibrils. Amyloid oligomers are responsible for neuronal dysfunction through various toxic pathways, which include permeabilizing cellular membranes. These transient oligomers are heterogeneous, which greatly hinders research into their mechanisms and adds serious problems to the development of antibody-based therapies. Recently we showed that uniform, homogeneous, stable oligomers can be engineered by displaying Alzheimer’s Aβ peptides on α-hemolysin (αHL). These complexes have biochemical characteristics that are very similar to disease-related wild-type oligomers.  Cryo-EM studies confirmed that the αHL-displayed oligomers have a well-defined stoichiometry, thus providing a stable mimetic antigen for the structure determination and the development of conformation-specific antibodies. The same αHL-fusion approach can also allow engineering antimicrobial peptides and developing a novel biological nanopore. We will further optimize stoichiometry-defined and functionally relevant amyloid oligomers for structural and functional characterization. We will study these artificial amyloid (Alzheimer’s Aβ and Parkinson’s α-syn) oligomers in vitro using structure determination as well as biophysical technologies. In a C. elegans model, we aim at investigating their functional equivalence to the wild type oligomers.

To further confirm the equivalent function, we will raise the conformation-specific antibodies against these optimized Aβ oligomers, and test whether the antibodies can interfere with the membrane permeabilization in vitro and check to what extent the antibodies against αHL-fused oligomers can impact AD in a mouse model. We propose using recent advances achieved at the TOMCAT beamline (Swiss Light Source) in X-ray phase-contrast imaging (X-PCI) to study the impact of the antibodies on the brain’s spatial microstructures. Collaboration with University Hospital Zurich (UHZ) opens the path towards animal and clinically relevant experiments. This highly interdisciplinary project not only allows us to move forward the high-resolution X-ray bio-imaging applications at PSI, but also contributes to the nanoscopic spatial understanding of oligomeric toxicity, and changes in the microstructure and cellular structure associated with neurodegeneration in vivo. Through this project, we hope to contribute molecular mechanisms and novel approaches in developing diagnostics and therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases like AD. 

(2) Characterizing  the structure and function of amyloid condensates with the disease-related molecules in neurodegeneration
A growing body of work is revealing the important role of initial amyloid protein condensation in the formation of amyloid fibrils in vitro. It is still unclear how the disease-related molecules initiate or prevent the conversion towards condensation in vivo. The important interacting molecules that we have already studied for Alzheimer’s Aβ fibrillation at PSI are heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), Alzheimer’s tau protein as well as the metal ions. We characterised the molecular effects of these interacting partners on amyloid formation, including the kinetics of structural conversions from unstructured peptide monomers to aggregates with variable degrees of β-sheet structures, and the toxicity of a variety of intermediate oligomers. We observed that ATP modulates Hsp90's conformational dynamics and reduces its hydrophobic surface to down-regulate its inhibition against Aβ fibrillation. We found that the full-length tau protein solubilizes Aβ40 and prevents its fibrillation. The tau protein delays the Aβ40 fibrillation at sub-stoichiometric ratios, showing different binding affinities toward the different stages of the aggregated Aβ40. This helps to understand the interplay of tau and Aβ in AD. In collaboration with Dr. Dreiser at SLS (the Xtreme beamline), the spectral features of the peptides and AD-related Cu were simultaneously characterized by recording spectra at the N K edge and at the Cu L2,3 edges. The Cu L2,3 edge shows a fingerprint of monovalent Cu(I), coordinated with the peptides. Furthermore, aggregation leads to a smaller signature of Cu(I). This fingerprint of Cu(I) from Copper L2,3 edge spectroscopy can be further explored as a biomarker of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.

Our previous achievements over the past 4 years provide the physical and chemical insights into the participation of the disease-related molecules in Aβ fibrillation and toxicity in vitro5. We further plan to investigate this molecular interplay, using X-ray tomographic reconstruction of amyloid condensates and cellular organelles relevant to neurodegeneration in a mouse brain and a living C.elegans. In close collaboration with Prof. Aguzzi at UHZ and Dr. Bonnin at PSI, we aim at expanding this study to also include using light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. We will further characterize the function of amyloid condensates and test whether amyloid condensation can drive the formation of toxic metallic nanoparticles, which we propose contribute to cellular toxicity both in vitro and in C.elegans. The disease-related metal state and local amyloid condensates or amyloid deposits will be characterized by soft X-ray spectroscopy and ptychography of the SIM and Xtreme beamlines in collaboration with Dr. Dreiser and Dr. Kleibert at SLS. The new aspects will shed light on pathological mechanism of neurodegeneration at mesoscales and provide a fundamental basis for targeted intervention of neurodegeneration. These may revolutionize understanding of the root cause of AD and PD.  

References

(1) Wu, J., Blum, T. B., Farrell, D. P., DiMaio, F., Abrahams, J. P., and Luo, J*. (2021) Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 60, 18680–18687.
(2) Wu, J., Cao, C., Loch, R. A., Tiiman, A., and Luo, J*. (2020) Q. Rev. Biophys. 53, e12.
(3) Wang, H., Lallemang, M., Hermann, B., Wallin, C., Loch, R., Blanc, A., Balzer, B. N., Hugel, T., and Luo, J*. (2021) J. Mol. Biol. 433, 166717.
(4) Wallin, C., Hiruma, Y., Wärmländer, S. K. T. S., Huvent, I., Jarvet, J., Abrahams, J. P., Gräslund, A., Lippens, G., and Luo, J*. (2018) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 8138–8146.
(5) Luo, J.*, Wang, H., Wu, J., Romankov, V., Daffé, N., and Dreiser, J*. (2021) iScience 24, 103465.
 

Hongzhi Wang (Ph.D student 2018-2021; next destination: postdoc at Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Cecilia Mörman (2019 Exchange student from Stockholm University)

Hegne Pupart (Summer intern 2018; next destination: Ph.D student at Tallinn University of Technology)

Identifying the role of co-aggregation of Alzheimer’s Amyloid-beta with amorphous protein aggregates of non-amyloid proteins

Jinming Wu, Nicklas Österlund, Hongzhi Wang, Rebecca Sternke-Hoffmann, Hegne Pupart, Leopold L. Ilag,  Astrid Gräslund, Jinghui Luo* 

_{Cell reports physical science, 3, 2022: 101028}

_{DOI:110.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101028}

Evaluation of Zn2+- and Cu2+-Binding Affinities of Native Cu,Zn-SOD1 and Its G93A Mutant by LC-ICP MS

Julia Smirnova, Julia Gavrilova, Andra Noormägi, Karin Valmsen, Hegne Pupart, Jinghui Luo, Vello Tõugu, Peep Palumaa

_{Molecules, 27, 2022: 3160}

_{DOI:10.3390/molecules27103160}

Cu2+ ions modulate the interaction between α-synuclein and lipid membranes

Hongzhi Wang, Cecilia Mörman, Rebecca Sternke-Hoffmann, Chia-Ying Huang, Andrea Prota, Pikyee Ma, Jinghui Luo*

_{Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 236, 2022: 111945}

_{DOI:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111945}

Rationally designed helical peptidomimetics disrupt α-synuclein fibrillation

Clementine E Bavinton, Rebecca Sternke-Hoffmann, Tohru Yamashita, Peter C Knipe, Andrew D Hamilton, Jinghui Luo*, Sam Thompson*

_{Chemical Communications, 58, 2022: 5132-5135}

_{DOI:10.1039/D2CC00212D}

Editorial: The Biochemistry of Amyloids in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Volume I

Gomes C, Hoyer W, Luo J.

_{Frontiers in Neuroscience, 819481, 2021} 

_{DOI:10.3389/fnins.2021.819481}

Amyloid-beta–copper interaction studied by simultaneous nitrogen K and copper L2,3- edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Luo J,  Wang H, Wu J, Romankov V, Daffe N,  Dreiser J

_{iScience 24, 103465, 2021} 

_{DOI:10.1016/j.isci. 2021.103465}

Cryo-electron microscopy imaging of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta 42 oligomer displayed on a functionally and structurally relevant scaffold

Wu J, Blum TB, Farrell DP, DiMaio F, Abrahams JP, Luo J.

_{Angew Chem Int Ed Engl . 2021 May 27.}

_{DOI:10.1002/anie.202104497.}

ATP Impedes the Inhibitory Effect of Hsp90 on Aβ40 Fibrillation

Wang H , Lallemang M , Hermann B , Wallin C , Loch R, Blanc A, Balzer BN, Hugel T, Luo J

_{Journal of Molecular Biology 433 (2), 166717 (2021).}

_{DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2020.11.016}
 

Antimicrobial Peptide Mimetics Based on a Diphenylacetylene Scaffold: Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Activity

Peacock H, Henriques ST, Benfield AH, Elliott AG, Luo J, J Luccarelli, Nagano M, Craik D, Hamilton A

_{ChemMedChem. 15 (20), 1932-1939 (2020).}

_{DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000474}

Single-molecule studies of amyloid proteins: from biophysical properties to diagnostic perspectives

Wu J, Cao C, Loch RA, Tiiman A, Luo J

_{Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics. 53:e12 (2020).}

_{DOI: 10.1017/S0033583520000086}

• Nuclear Pore Membrane Proteins Self-Assemble into Nanopores Panatala R, Barbato S, Kozai T, Luo J, Kapinos Larisa E, Lim Roderick YH
  BIOCHEMISTRY 58, 484 (2019).
  DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01179

• Membrane-mimetic systems for biophysical studies of the amyloid-? peptide Österlund N, Luo J, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS, Gräslund A
  BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS , S1570963918302036 (2018).
  DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.11.005
• The Neuronal Tau Protein Blocks in Vitro Fibrillation of the Amyloid-? (A?) Peptide at the Oligomeric Stage Wallin C, Hiruma Y, Wärmländer SKTS, Huvent I, Jarvet J, Abrahams J, Gräslund A, Lippens G, Luo J
  JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 140, 8138 (2018).
  DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13623

• Alzheimer?s disease and cigarette smoke components: effects of nicotine, PAHs, and Cd(II), Cr(III), Pb(II), Pb(IV) ions on amyloid-? peptide aggregation Wallin C, Sholts Sabrina B, Österlund N, Luo J, Jarvet J, Roos Per M, Ilag L, Gräslund A, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS
  Scientific Reports 7, 14423 (2017).
  DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13759-5
• Maleimido-proxyl as an EPR spin label for the evaluation of conformational changes of albumin Pavicevic A, Luo J, Popovic-Bijelic A, Mojovic M
  European Biophysics Journal 46, 773 (2017).
  DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1257-z

• Characterization of Mn(II) ion binding to the amyloid-? peptide in Alzheimer?s disease Wallin C, Kulkarni Yashraj S, Abelein A, Jarvet J, Liao Q, Strodel B, Olsson L, Luo J, Abrahams J, Sholts Sabrina B, Roos Per M, Kamerlin Shina CL, Gräslund A, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS
  JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY , (2016).
  DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.03.009
• Coupled commensurate charge density wave and lattice distortion in Na2Ti2Pn2O(Pn=As,Sb) determined by x-ray diffraction and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy Davies NR, Johnson RD, Princep AJ, Gannon LA, Ma JZ, Qian T, Richard P, Li H, Shi M, Nowell H, Baker PJ, Shi YG, Ding H, Luo J, Guo YF, Boothroyd AT
  PHYSICAL REVIEW B 94, 104515 (2016).
  DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.104515
• Cross-interactions between the Alzheimer Disease Amyloid-? Peptide and Other Amyloid Proteins: A Further Aspect of the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis Luo J, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS, Gräslund A, Abrahams J
  JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 291, 16485 (2016).
  DOI: 10.1074/jbc.R116.714576
• Non-covalent S?O interactions control conformation in a scaffold that disrupts islet amyloid polypeptide fibrillation Peacock H, Luo J, Yamashita T, Luccarelli J, Thompson S, Hamilton Andrew D
  CHEMICAL SCIENCE 7, 6435 (2016).
  DOI: 10.1039/C6SC00756B
• Reciprocal Molecular Interactions between the A? Peptide Linked to Alzheimer?s Disease and Insulin Linked to Diabetes Mellitus Type II Luo J, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS, Gräslund A, Abrahams J
  ACS Chemical Neuroscience 7, 269 (2016).
  DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00325
• Specific Binding of Cu(II) Ions to Amyloid-Beta Peptides Bound to Aggregation-Inhibiting Molecules or SDS Micelles Creates Complexes that Generate Radical Oxygen Species Tiiman A, Luo J, Wallin C, Olsson L, Lindgren J, Jarvet J, Per R, Sholts Sabrina B, Rahimipour S, Abrahams J, Karlström A, Gräslund A, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS
  Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 54, 971 (2016).
  DOI: 10.3233/JAD-160427
• The Amyloid-? Peptide in Amyloid Formation Processes: Interactions with Blood Proteins and Naturally Occurring Metal Ions Wallin C, Luo J, Jarvet J, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS, Gräslund A
  ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 57, 674 (2016).
  DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600105

• Alzheimer Peptides Aggregate into Transient Nanoglobules That Nucleate Fibrils Luo J, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS, Gräslund A, Abrahams J
  BIOCHEMISTRY 53, 6302 (2014).
  DOI: 10.1021/bi5003579
• ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Peptides as Inhibitors of Amyloid Fibrillation Luo J, Abrahams J
  ChemInform 45, no (2014).
  DOI: 10.1002/chin.201422265
• Cyclic Peptides as Inhibitors of Amyloid Fibrillation Luo J, Abrahams J
  CHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL 20, 2410 (2014).
  DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304253
• Endogenous Polyamines Reduce the Toxicity of Soluble A? Peptide Aggregates Associated with Alzheimer?s Disease Luo J, Mohammed I, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS, Hiruma Y, Gräslund A, Abrahams J
  BIOMACROMOLECULES 15, 1985 (2014).
  DOI: 10.1021/bm401874j
• Non-chaperone Proteins Can Inhibit Aggregation and Cytotoxicity of Alzheimer Amyloid ? Peptide Luo J, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS, Gräslund A, Abrahams J
  JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 289, 27766 (2014).
  DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M114.574947
• The A- peptide forms non-amyloid fibrils in the presence of carbon nanotubes Luo J, Waermlaender Sebastian KTS, Yu C, Muhammad K, Graeslund A, Abrahams JP
  NANOSCALE 6, 6720 (2014).
  DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00291a
• The hairpin conformation of the amyloid ? peptide is an important structural motif along the aggregation pathway Abelein A, Abrahams J, Danielsson J, Gräslund A, Jarvet J, Luo J, Tiiman A, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS
  JBIC JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 19, 623 (2014).
  DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1131-8

• An efficient nanolitre-volume multi-channel device for highly viscous materials used in membrane protein crystallization Luo J, Zwier R, Abrahams J
  JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 46, 829 (2013).
  DOI: 10.1107/S0021889813006742
• Biophysical Studies of the Amyloid ?-Peptide: Interactions with Metal Ions and Small Molecules Wärmländer S, Tiiman A, Abelein A, Luo J, Jarvet J, Söderberg Kajsa L, Danielsson J, Gräslund A
  CHEMBIOCHEM 14, 1692 (2013).
  DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300262
• Cellular Polyamines Promote Amyloid-Beta (A?) Peptide Fibrillation and Modulate the Aggregation Pathways Luo J, Yu C, Yu H, Borstnar R, Kamerlin Shina CL, Gräslund A, Abrahams J, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS
  ACS Chemical Neuroscience 4, 454 (2013).
  DOI: 10.1021/cn300170x
• Exploiting preQ 1 Riboswitches To Regulate Ribosomal Frameshifting Yu C, Luo J, Iwata-Reuyl D, Olsthoorn RCL
  ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 8, 733 (2013).
  DOI: 10.1021/cb300629b
• Human lysozyme inhibits the in vitro aggregation of A? peptides, which in vivo are associated with Alzheimer's disease Luo J, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS, Gräslund A, Abrahams J
  CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS 49, 6507 (2013).
  DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42325e
• Inhibiting and Reversing Amyloid-? Peptide (1-40) Fibril Formation with Gramicidin S and Engineered Analogues Luo J, Otero José M, Yu C, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS, Gräslund A, Overhand M, Abrahams J
  CHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL 19, 17338 (2013).
  DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301535

• Catalytic promiscuity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase as an example of chemistry-driven protein evolution Luo J, van Loo B, Kamerlin Shina CL
  FEBS LETTERS 586, 1622 (2012).
  DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.04.012
• Conformation Effects of CpG Methylation on Single-Stranded DNA Oligonucleotides: Analysis of the Opioid Peptide Dynorphin-Coding Sequences Taqi M, Wärmländer Sebastian KTS, Yamskova O, Madani F, Bazov I, Luo J, Zubarev R, Verbeek D, Gräslund A, Bakalkin G
  PLOS ONE 7, e39605 (2012).
  DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039605
• Examining the promiscuous phosphatase activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase: A comparison to analogous phosphatases Luo J, van Loo B, Kamerlin SCL
  PROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND BIOINFORMATICS 80, 1211 (2012).
  DOI: 10.1002/prot.24020

• A Straightforward and Robust Method for Introducing Human Hair as a Nucleant into High Throughput Crystallization Trials Nederlof I, Hosseini R, Georgieva D, Luo J, Li D, Abrahams J
  CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 11, 1170 (2011).
  DOI: 10.1021/cg101374r
• Inhibition of chlamydial class Ic ribonucleotide reductase by C-terminal peptides from protein R2 Öhrström M, Popovic-Bijelic A, Luo J, Stenmark P, Högbom M, Gräslund A
  JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE 17, 756 (2011).
  DOI: 10.1002/psc.1399
• Ribonucleotide reductase inhibition by metal complexes of Triapine (3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone): A combined experimental and theoretical study Popovic-Bijelic A, Kowol CR, Lind Maria ES, Luo J, Himo F, Enyedy EA, Arion VB, Graeslund A
  JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY 105, 1422 (2011).
  DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.07.003
• Ribonucleotide reductase inhibition by p-alkoxyphenols studied by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations Luo J, Gräslund A
  ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 516, 29 (2011).
  DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.09.003

• In Silico Analysis of the Apolipoprotein E and the Amyloid ? Peptide Interaction: Misfolding Induced by Frustration of the Salt Bridge Network Luo J, Maréchal J, Wärmländer S, Gräslund A, Perálvarez-Marín A
  PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY 6, e1000663 (2010).
  DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000663