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Scientific Highlights

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Datum
27. April 2022
Example of a modulation excitation X-ray absorption spectrum and schematic representation of the structural site changes

In situ spectroscopy unveils the structural changes of the sites in single atom catalysts

To improve the performance of single atom catalysts (SACs),  the structure of their active sites under operative conditions needs to be better understood. For this, we have performed in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements using a modulation excitation approach selectively sensitive to the species involved in the electrochemical reactions. This has allowed us to study the structural changes undergone by two types of SACs, and to tie the observed differences to their catalytic activities.

 

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11. März 2022
Gas barrier properties of membranes (left) and TEM-image of Pt-doped membrane (right).

Enabling the use of Thin Membranes in Water Electrolyzers using a Recombination Catalyst

The conversion efficiency for green hydrogen production in a polymer electrolyte water electrolyzer (PEWE) is strongly influenced by the ohmic cell resistance and therefore the thickness of the membrane used. The use of thin membranes (~50 micron or below) is limited by gas crossover of H2 and O2, which can lead to the formation of explosive gas mixtures. The incorporation of a recombination catalyst provides remedy and allows a more dynamic operating mode.

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17. Februar 2022
Gap between the cathode GDL & MPL (CGDL) and the membrane (white) in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell

Operando X-ray Tomographic Microscopy of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Freeze Start

Understanding the water management in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) during sub-zero operation is crucial for designing effective freeze start strategies. In collaboration with Toyota Motor Europe sub-second X-ray tomographic microscopy was used to study the water distributions in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of PEFCs during dynamic freeze starts from −30 °C that mimic automotive freeze start conditions at different pre-drying levels and  varying the feed gas humidity.

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14. Januar 2022
Direct evidence of in situ Co-oxyhydroxide formation

Direct evidence of in situ Co-oxyhydroxide formation on the surface of La0.2Sr0.8CoO3-δ water splitting catalyst

We carried out in situ and ex situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) experiments on a La0.2Sr0.8CoO3-δ perovskite oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst. The study shows that Sr is leached into the electrolyte after immersion, leading to surface Co active site enrichment. Such a Co-enriched surface evolves into a new phase during operation. With the help of theoretical simulations, such a species is assigned to Co-oxyhydroxide, providing direct evidence of its formation during the OER.

 

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10. Dezember 2021
Schematic representation of the degradation mechanism at the LCO-LPS interface

Reactivity and potential profile across the electrified LiCoO2-Li3PS4 interface probed by operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

All-solid-state lithium batteries are a promising alternative for next generation of safe energy storage devices, provided that parasitic side reactions and the resulting hindrances in ionic transport at the electrolyte-electrode interface can be overcome. Motivated by the need for a fundamental understanding of such interface, we present here real-time measurements of the (electro-)chemical reactivity and local surface potential at the electrified interface Li3PS4 and LiCoO2 using operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

 

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17. November 2021
FEC-induced SEI Formation in Li-ion Batteries

Deciphering the Mechanism of FEC-induced SEI Formation in Li-ion Batteries

Fluoroethylene-carbonate is often referred to as a film-forming electrolyte additive for Li-ion batteries, resulting in high quality Solid–Electrolyte-Interphase on negative electrode, however, the underlying mechanism, even if thought to be known, has been only clarified due to our targeted experimental design, combining systematic electrochemical, chemical and microscopy characterization techniques. We have shown that first the formation of inorganic LiF-rich particles appear and only later the carbonate-rich film is actually formed.

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14. Oktober 2021
Transmission image and Neutron scattering cross sections

Towards in situ imaging of electrolyte physical and chemical changes in Li-ion batteries

The Lithium conducting electrolyte is a critical component of Li-ion batteries, as it has an important impact on performance and its durability, in particular in case of extreme environmental conditions. At low temperatures, a partial solidification can occur, while high temperatures can promote the degradation of the electrolyte. Using time-of-flight (ToF) neutron radiography, the possibility of imaging such changes in a fully non-invasive manner was demonstrated for the first time.

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1. September 2021
Three-dimensional rendering from the tomographic data acquired while the cell was operating

First direct observation of the oxygen transport in polymer electrolyte water electrolysis

PSI researchers have developed a new methodology for studying the complex transport processes in polymer electrolyte water electrolysis (PEWE). Using advanced operando X-ray tomographic microscopy, we were able to observe for the first time the formation of oxygen pathways in the porous transport layer, in three dimensions. Understanding oxygen transport is crucial for improving PEWE technology and this work provides precious insights for the design of future, better-performing PEWE cells.

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12. August 2021
Anion exchange membrane CO2 concentration

An electrochemical membrane processes for CO2 capture

CO2 capture from dilute gas mixtures (e.g., combustion flue gases, air) is increasingly recognized as a critical technological pathway towards stemming catastrophic climate change. Conventional thermal-based processes for removing CO2 from flue gas (e.g., amine scrubbing) are energy intensive and significantly reduce power plant efficiency. Electrochemical separation approaches have the potential to reduce these power requirements considerably by using electrons to transport CO2 as (bi)-carbonate ions across an alkaline membrane.

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Electrochemistry Laboratory
Paul Scherrer Institut
5232 Villigen-PSI
Switzerland

Laboratory Head a.i.
Dr. Felix N. Büchi
Telephone: +41 56 310 24 11
E-mail: felix.buechi@psi.ch


Secretary
Cordelia Gloor
Telephone: +41 56 310 29 19
E-mail: cordelia.gloor@psi.ch
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