NF XRF-PMF

Duration: 2011-2014

Contact: Markus Furger, markus.furger@psi.ch

Trace elements comprise only a few percent of total aerosol mass, yet they are important for their influence on human health, or for their characteristics as markers for specific emission sources. Trace elements are notoriously difficult to measure, at least with high time resolution. This project develops further the sampling of trace elements in aerosols of different sizes, the chemical analysis and quantification, and the attribution to their sources. Ambient sampling is done with rotating drum impactors (RDI). The samples are subsequently analyzed and quantified with synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (SR-XRF). The emerging time series of elemental concentrations are then fed into positive matrix factorization (PMF) and similar algorithms for source attribution.

• Megapoli 2009, 2010 (Paris, France)
• CalNex-LA 2010 (Los Angeles, USA)
• APICE 2011 (Marseille, France)
• ClearfLo 2012 (London, UK), see also the PSI contribution

Highly time- and size-resolved ambient trace element analysis and source apportionment.
Visser, S., 2015.
Diss. ETH No. 22520, Environmental Sciences, ETH Zürich.
DOI: 10.3929/ethz-a-010444260 - 12.26 MB

Advanced source apportionment of size-resolved trace elements at multiple sites in London during winter.
Visser, S., J. G. Slowik, M. Furger, P. Zotter, N. Bukowiecki, F. Canonaco, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, D. C. Green, A. H. Tremper, D. E. Young, P. I. Williams, J. D. Allan, H. Coe, L. R. Williams, C. Mohr, L. Xu, N. L. Ng, E. Nemitz, J. F. Barlow, C. H. Halios, Z. L. Fleming, U. Baltensperger, and A. S. H. Prévôt, 2015
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11291-11309.
DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-11291-2015

The first UK measurements of nitryl chloride using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer in central London in the summer of 2012, and an investigation of the role of Cl atom oxidation.
Bannan, T. J., A. M. Booth, A. Bacak, J. B. A. Muller, K. E. Leather, M. Le Breton, B. Jones, D. Young, H. Coe, J. Allan, S. Visser, J. G. Slowik, M. Furger, A. S. H. Prévôt, J. Lee, R. E. Dunmore, J. R. Hopkins, J. F. Hamilton, A. C. Lewis, L. K. Whalley, T. Sharp, D. Stone, D. E. Heard, Z. L. Fleming, R. Leigh, D. E. Shallcross, and C. J. Percival, 2015
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 120, 5638-5657.
DOI: 10.1002/2014JD022629

Kerb and urban increment of highly time-resolved trace elements in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 winter aerosol in London during ClearfLo 2012.
Visser, S., J. G. Slowik, M. Furger, P. Zotter, N. Bukowiecki, R. Dressler, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, D. C. Green, A. H. Tremper, D. E. Young, P. I. Williams, J. D. Allan, S. C. Herndon, L. R. Williams, C. Mohr, L. Xu, N. L. Ng, A. Detournay, J. F. Barlow, C. H. Halios, Z. L. Fleming, U. Baltensperger, and A. S. H. Prévôt, 2015
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2367-2386.
DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-2367-2015

Meteorology, air quality, and health in London: The ClearfLo project.
Bohnenstengel, S. I., S. E. Belcher, A. Aiken, J. D. Allan, G. Allen, A. Bacak, T. J. Bannan, J. F. Barlow, D. C. S. Beddows, W. J. Bloss, A. M. Booth, C. Chemel, O. Coceal, C. F. Di Marco, M. K. Dubey, K. H. Faloon, Z. L. Fleming, M. Furger, J. K. Gietl, R. R. Graves, D. C. Green, C. S. B. Grimmond, C. H. Halios, J. F. Hamilton, R. M. Harrison, M. R. Heal, D. E. Heard, C. Helfter, S. C. Herndon, R. E. Holmes, J. R. Hopkins, A. M. Jones, F. J. Kelly, S. Kotthaus, B. Langford, J. D. Lee, R. J. Leigh, A. C. Lewis, R. T. Lidster, F. D. Lopez-Hilfiker, J. B. McQuaid, C. Mohr, P. S. Monks, E. Nemitz, N. L. Ng, C. J. Percival, A. S. H. Prévôt, H. M. A. Ricketts, R. Sokhi, D. Stone, J. A. Thornton, A. H. Tremper, A. C. Valach, S. Visser, L. K. Whalley, L. R. Williams, L. Xu, D. E. Young, and P. Zotter, 2015
Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, 779-804.
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.1

Study of the unknown HONO daytime source at a European suburban site during the MEGAPOLI summer and winter field campaigns.
Michoud, V., A. Colomb, A. Borbon, K. Miet, M. Beekmann, M. Camredon, B. Aumont, S. Perrier, P. Zapf, G. Siour, W. Ait-Helal, C. Afif, A. Kukui, M. Furger, J. C. Dupont, M. Haeffelin, and J. F. Doussin, 2014
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2805-2822.
DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-2805-2014

Determination of trace element concentrations in ambient radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
Furger, M., and S. Visser, 2013.
Spectroscopy Europe, 25, 11-14.

Radical budget analysis in a suburban European site during the MEGAPOLI summer field campaign.
Michoud, V., A. Kukui, M. Camredon, A. Colomb, A. Borbon, K. Miet, B. Aumont, M. Beekmann, R. Durand-Jolibois, S. Perrier, P. Zapf, G. Siour, W. Ait-Helal, N. Locoge, S. Sauvage, C. Afif, V. Gros, M. Furger, G. Ancellet, and J. F. Doussin, 2012
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 11951-11974.
DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-11951-2012

Conference Contributions

Highly time- and size-resolved measurements of trace elements during ClearfLo, London.
Visser, S., M. Furger, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, R. Dressler, P. Zotter, J. G. Slowik, A. S. H. Prevot, and U. Baltensperger, 2014.
9th International Conference on Air Quality - Science and Application, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 24-28 March 2014.

Highly time-resolved trace element concentrations in aerosols during the MEGAPOLI Paris campaign.
Furger, M., S. Visser, J. G. Slowik, M. Crippa, L. Poulain, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, A. S. H. Prévôt, and U. Baltensperger, 2014.
EGU2014 - EGU General Assembly 2014, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna, Austria.

Highly time-resolved ambient trace element concentrations in Paris during the MEGAPOLI summer campaign.
Furger, M., S. Visser, J. G. Slowik, M. Crippa, L. Poulain, N. Marchand, J. Sciare, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, U. Baltensperger, and A. S. H. Prévôt, 2014.
EXRS 2014 - European Conference on X-ray Spectrometry, 15-20 June 2014, Bologna, Italy.

Trace element source apportionment in European and Asian megacities.
Slowik, J. G., S. Visser, F. Markus, K. Appel, F. Canonaco, J. Cao, M. Crippa, M. Elser, U. Flechsig, and D. C. Green, 2014.
IAC 2014 - International Aerosol Conference, 28 Aug - 2 Sep 2014, Bexco, Busan, Korea.

Overview of ClearfLo: Study of Aerosol Sources and Processing at a Rural Site Southeast of London, January-February, 2012.
Williams, L. R., S. Herndon, J. Jayne, A. Freedman, B. Brooks, J. Franklin, P. Massoli, E. Fortner, P. Chhabra, M. Zahniser, H. Stark, T. Onasch, D. R. Worsnop, F. Lopez-Hilfiker, C. Mohr, J. Thornton, N. L. Ng, L. Xu, B. Knighton, M. Dubey, A. Aiken, K. Gorkowski, S. Liu, T. Martin, R. Coulter, S. Visser, M. Furger, P. Zotter, A. S. H. Prévôt, J. Allan, and D. Young, 2014.
ASR STM 2014, 10 -13 March 2014, Potomac, Maryland, USA.

Measuring sodium concentrations at a London urban background site with synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
Furger, M., S. Visser, C. Frieh, U. Flechsig, T. Huthwelker, J. Slowik, P. Zotter, D. E. Young, J. D. Allan, D. Green, U. Baltensperger, and A. S. H. Prevôt, 2013.
JUM@P '13: Joint Users' Meeting at PSI 2013, 18-20 Sep 2013, Villigen, Switzerland.

Highly time- and size-resolved measurements of trace elements in London during ClearfLo.
Visser, S., M. Furger, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, R. Dressler, P. Zotter, J. G. Slowik, A. S. H. Prevot, and U. Baltensperger, 2013.
EAC - European Aerosol Conference 2013, 1-5 Sep 2013, Prague, Czech Republic.

Highly time- and size-resolved measurements of trace elements in London during ClearfLo.
Visser, S., M. Furger, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, R. Dressler, P. Zotter, J. G. Slowik, A. S. H. Prevot, and U. Baltensperger, 2013.
JUM@P '13: Joint Users' Meeting at PSI 2013, 18-20 Sep 2013, Villigen, Switzerland.

Highly time- and size-resolved measurements of trace elements in London during ClearfLo.
Visser, S., M. Furger, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, R. Dressler, P. Zotter, J. G. Slowik, A. S. H. Prevot, and U. Baltensperger, 2013.
14th Swiss Global Change Day, Bern, Switzerland, 16 April 2013.
WCRP Poster Award winner 14th Swiss Global Change Day meeting report

Overview of ClearfLo: Study of Aerosol Sources and Processing at a Rural Site Southeast of London.
Williams, L. R., S. Herndon, J. Jayne, A. Freedman, W. Brooks, J. Franklin, P. Massoli, E. Fortner, P. Chhabra, M. Zahniser, H. Stark, T. Onasch, D. R. Worsnop, F. Lopez-Hilfiker, C. Mohr, J. Thornton, N. L. Ng, L. Xu, B. Knighton, M. Dubey, A. Aiken, K. Gorkowski, T. Martin, R. Coulter, S. Visser, M. Furger, P. Zotter, and A. S. H. Prévôt, 2013.
DOE Atmospheric System Research Science Team Meeting, Potomac, MD, USA, 18-21 March 2013.

First results from ClearfLo.
Belcher, S. E., S. I. Bohnenstengel, J. Allan, D. Beddows, S. Ball, J. Barlow, M. Bjorkegren, W. Bloss, A. Blyth, K. Bower, B. Bandy, C. Chemel, A. Christen, O. Coceal, H. Coe, D. Carslaw, F. Davies, C. Di Marco, J. Dorsey, Z. Flemming, M. Furger, M. Gallagher, J. Gietl, D. Green, S. Grimmond, M. Heal, D. E. Heard, R. Harrison, R. Hepburn, J. Hopkins, C. Helfter, P. Johnson, F. Kelly, J. Lee, R. Leigh, A. Lewis, J. McQuaid, P. Monks, E. Nemitz, D. Oram, L. Pauscher, C. Percival, A. Prevot, C. Reeves, A. Reynolds, H. Rickets, R. Sokhi, G. Vaughan, S. Visser, L. Whalley, and P. Williams, 2012.
8th International Conference on Air Quality - Science and Application, Athens, Greece, 19 - 23 March 2012.

Measuring sodium concentrations in London winter aerosols with Synchrotron Radiation induced X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.
Furger, M., S. Visser, C. Frieh, U. Flechsig, T. Huthwelker, C. Mohr, D. E. Young, J. D. Allan, D. Green, L. R. Williams, U. Baltensperger, and A. S. H. Prévôt, 2012.
EXRS 2012 - European Conference on X-ray Spectrometry, Vienna, Austria, 18-22 June 2012, Technische Universität Wien, Atominstitut, 271.

Highly time and size-resolved trace elemental composition of aerosols during CalNex-LA 2010.
Visser, S., M. Furger, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, A. S. H. Prévôt, and U. Baltensperger, 2012.
EAC - European Aerosol Conference 2012, Granada, Spain, 2-7 Sept 2012.

Two-hourly trace elemental concentrations in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 in Los Angeles during CalNex-LA 2010.
Visser, S., M. Furger, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, A. S. H. Prévôt, and U. Baltensperger, 2012.
EXRS 2012 - European Conference on X-ray Spectrometry, Vienna, Austria, 18-22 June 2012, Technische Universität Wien, Atominstitut, 97.

Seasonal comparison of comprehensive aerosol measurements in London during CleafLo.
Young, D. E., J. D. Allan, P. I. Williams, M. J. Flynn, D. Liu, J. D. Whitehead, A. S. H. Prévôt, S. Visser, M. Furger, M. W. Gallagher, and H. Coe, 2012.
EAC - European Aerosol Conference 2012, Granada, Spain, 2-7 Sep 2012.

Seasonal comparison of comprehensive aerosol measurements in London during CleafLo.
Young, D. E., J. D. Allan, P. I. Williams, M. J. Flynn, D. Liu, J. D. Whitehead, N. Robinson, A. S. H. Prévôt, S. Visser, M. Furger, M. W. Gallagher, and H. Coe, 2012.
AAAR 31st Annual Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 8-12 October.

Regional vs. local aerosol sources during the MEGAPOLI Paris campaigns.
Furger, M., M. Crippa, F. Freutel, L. Poulain, S. Visser, S. Szidat, P. Zotter, A. S. H. Prevot and U. Baltensperger, 2011
IUGG General Assembly, Melbourne, Australia, 28 Jun - 7 Jul 2011.


High time-resolution elemental composition of particulate matter in Pasadena.
Visser, S., M. Furger and A. Prévôt, 2011
CalNex Data Analysis Workshop, Sacramento, California, USA, 16-19 May 2011.


PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 elemental analysis with 2-hour time resolution.
Visser, S., M. Furger and A. Prevot, 2011
ClearfLo IOP Planning Meeting, Birmingham, UK, 6 Oct 2011.


Elemental composition of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 aerosols during MEGAPOLI 2010, Paris.
Visser, S., M. Furger, A. Richard, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, A. S. H. Prevot and U. Baltensperger, 2011
European Aerosol Conference, Manchester, UK, 4-9 Sep 2011.


Elemental composition of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 aerosols during MEGAPOLI 2010, Paris.
Visser, S., M. Furger, A. Richard, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, A.S.H. Prevot and U. Baltensperger, 2011
International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment, Zurich, Switzerland, 11-15 Sep 2011.


Trace elements in aerosols - RDI & SR-XRF.
Visser, S., M. Furger, A. Richard, A.S.H. Prevot and U. Baltensperger, 2011
MEGAPOLI Meeting, PSI Villigen, Switzerland, 26-27 April 2011.


Trace elements in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 aerosols in Megacities determined with SR-XRF.
Visser, S., M. Furger, A. Richard, U. Flechsig, K. Appel, A.S.H. Prevot and U. Baltensperger, 2011
Joint Users' Meeting at PSI 2011, PSI Villigen, Switzerland, 15-16 Sep 2011.