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GOTTHARD: a Gain Optimizing microsTrip sysTem witH Analog ReaDout
GOTTHARD is a 1D detector system based on the principle of charge integration with automatic gain switching capability.
The goal of the project is to provide a 1D detector that can sustain the instantaneous many-photon deposition typical of the forthcoming XFEL machines retaining at the same time the same data quality of a single photon counting detector. Due to some unique features like the high frame rate (40kHz continuous and up to 1MHz in bursts) the low noise and the spectral information availability the detector opens new possibilities in syncrotron source applications.
The module architecture
Picture of a GOTTHARD module.
The detector module is composed from 10 readout ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) wire bonded to a single silicon sensor with a 4mm x 8mm sensitive area for a total of 1280 channels at 50 um pitch. A complete readout chain, from the high speed ADCs to the Gbit link for the data download, is also integrated on the board. The control of the detector is performed via an ethernet linkt to the onboard Blackfin-based Linux system. High voltage for the sensor and all powers are locally generated from a common 5V input supply.
Results and Specifications
Pulse Height distribution for a sample Gotthard channel under 17keV incident radiation. From the fit of the noise and signal peaks a noise of ~160 e.n.c. (~600eV r.m.s.) can be determined.
Pulse Height distribution of a single channel with a high photon flux inpinging in the center of it (to avoid charge sharing effect), showing the photon counting capabilities of Gotthard.
Specification summary for a standard Gotthard module.
A Gotthard module undet test in the Mythen detector array at the SLS Material Science beamline.
Applications
XFELS
- XES/XAS with energy dispersive optics
- powder diffraction
- beam dignostics: shot to shot spectral information with energy dispersive optics, beam position and intensity monitor
Synchrotron sources
- pump-probe experiments with up to 1MHz repetition rate
- diffraction experiments at very high photon rates
- high resolution applications (a smaller pitch sensor is used)
Documentation
| GOTTHARD 1.0, 50 um | |
| GOTTHARD 1.0, 25 um |
*Please refer the latest installation section for instructions on the latest software package.
Publications
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Andrä M, Zhang J, Bergamaschi A, Barten R, Borca C, Borghi G, et al.
Development of low-energy X-ray detectors using LGAD sensors
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. 2019; 26: 1226-1237. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577519005393
DORA PSI -
Zhang J, Andrä M, Barten R, Bergamaschi A, Brückner M, Dinapoli R, et al.
Performance evaluation of the analogue front-end and ADC prototypes for the Gotthard-II development
Journal of Instrumentation. 2017; 12(12): C12052 (11 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/12/C12052
DORA PSI -
Kagias M, Cartier S, Wang Z, Bergamaschi A, Dinapoli R, Mozzanica A, et al.
Single shot x-ray phase contrast imaging using a direct conversion microstrip detector with single photon sensitivity
Applied Physics Letters. 2016; 108(23): 234102 (4 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4948584
DORA PSI -
Palutke S, Gerken NC, Mertens K, Klumpp S, Mozzanica A, Schmitt B, et al.
Spectrometer for shot-to-shot photon energy characterization in the multi-bunch mode of the free electron laser at Hamburg
Review of Scientific Instruments. 2015; 86(11): 113107 (9 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4936293
DORA PSI -
Cartier S, Bergamaschi A, Dinapoli R, Greiffenberg D, Johnson I, Jungmann JH, et al.
Micron resolution of MÖNCH and GOTTHARD, small pitch charge integrating detectors with single photon sensitivity
Journal of Instrumentation. 2014; 9(5): C05027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/9/05/C05027
DORA PSI -
Karvinen P, Rutishauser S, Mozzanica A, Greiffenberg D, Juranić PN, Menzel A, et al.
Single-shot analysis of hard x-ray laser radiation using a noninvasive grating spectrometer
Optics Letters. 2012; 37(24): 5073-5075. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.005073
DORA PSI -
Mozzanica A, Bergamaschi A, Dinapoli R, Graafsma H, Greiffenberg D, Henrich B, et al.
The GOTTHARD charge integrating readout detector: design and characterization
Journal of Instrumentation. 2012; 7(1): C01019 (9 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/7/01/C01019
DORA PSI -
Pradervand C, Bednarzik M, Schmitt B, Mozzanica A, Schulze-Briese C
A CVD diamond based X-ray beam profile sensor combined with the Gotthard charge integrating readout
Presented at: 11th International conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (SRI2012); July 9-13, 2012; Lyon, France.
DORA PSI -
Schubert A, Bergamaschi A, David C, Dinapoli R, Elbracht-Leong S, Gorelick S, et al.
Micrometre resolution of a charge integrating microstrip detector with single photon sensitivity
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. 2012; 19(3): 359-365. https://doi.org/10.1107/S090904951200235X
DORA PSI -
Bergamaschi A, Dinapoli R, Henrich B, Johnson I, Mozzanica A, Shi X, et al.
Beyond single photon counting X-ray detectors
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 2011; 628(1): 238-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.326
DORA PSI -
Mozzanica A, Bergamaschi A, Dinapoli R, Graafsma H, Henrich B, Kraft P, et al.
A single photon resolution integrating chip for microstrip detectors
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 2011; 633(Suppl. 1): S29-S32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.112
DORA PSI