Kannan Ramachandran

k_ramachandran_2023

Scientist

My research focuses on development and application of energy-economic models for energy and climate change mitigation policies. I have expertise in scenario development, energy transition, clean mobility, energy policy, etc.

Paul Scherrer Institute
Forschungsstrasse 111
5232 Villigen PSI
Suisse
Téléphone
+41 56 310 28 64

Ramachandran Kannan is with the Energy Economic Group at the Paul Scherrer Institut since 2009.  Kannan initiated the development of the TIMES family of models for Switzerland with an hourly temporal resolution.  The Swiss TIMES Energy system Model (STEM) has evolved through many projects and it is a cutting edge analytical tool for Swiss energy transition.  
Kannan has 20+ years of industrial and academic experiences from Switzerland, the UK, Germany, India, Singapore, Thailand, and a few other Asian countries. His current research focused on development and application of technology rich, cost optimization systems models (e.g. TIMES/MARKAL) for energy-economics and climate change mitigation policy analysis. He organizes stakeholder workshops for model data validation. He has 50+ publications to his credit and has expertise in energy conservation and management; life cycle costing; techno-economic analysis; and environmental life cycle assessment.

Prior to join PSI, Kannan was the core member of the UK energy system modeling team of the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) . He developed the UK MARKAL energy system models and contributed to the 2007 UK energy white paper. In 2005-06 and 2008, he was a team member of the study on the Economics of the Kyoto Protocol: A Cost-Benefit Analysis commissioned by the Government of Singapore, for which he developed the Singapore MARKAL-Macro energy system model. Earlier, Kannan was a Research Associate with the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, and coordinated the Asian-regional climate change project funded by the Swedish International Development Agency. Kannan performed comprehensive research on life cycle analysis of power generation technologies. In his early career, he worked for Vestas wind turbine manufacturing company in India, where he was marketing wind energy projects and performed techno-economic feasibility studies for many wind energy parks. Kannan began his career as an energy auditor and undertook number of energy audit projects in India. Later he developed a methodology for energy management practices in SME.

M.Eng. (Mechanical/Energy) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
M.Sc. (Appropriate Technology and Management) Universität Flensburg, Germany
M.Sc. (Energy Sciences) School of Energy, Madurai Kamaraj University, India
B.Sc. (Physics) Madurai Kamaraj University, India
  • Project Management (2018)
  • MARKAL and TIMES energy systems modeling
  • Life cycle assessment (SimaPro LCA software) (2001)
  • CEFE - Competency-based Economies through Formation of Enterprise GTZ, Germany (1999)
  • ISO quality documentation system (1997)
  • WAsP - Wind atlas analysis and application program by Riso, Denmark (1996)
2009- Today Researcher Energy Economics Group, PSI, Switzerland
2006- 2009 Research Fellow Policy Studies Institute/King's College, London, UK
2000- 2005 Research Associate & Visiting Research Fellow Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
1995- 1998 Assistant Engineer Vestas RRB India Ltd, India
1994 Technician Integrated Rural Energy Program, India
1993 Scientific Assistant Planters Energy Network, India
  • Obrist MD, Kannan R, McKenna R, Schmidt TJ, Kober T
    High-temperature heat pumps in climate pathways for selected industry sectors in Switzerland
    Energy Policy. 2023; 173: 113383 (20 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113383
    DORA PSI
  • Panos E, Kannan R, Hirschberg S, Kober T
    An assessment of energy system transformation pathways to achieve net-zero carbon dioxide emissions in Switzerland
    Communications Earth & Environment. 2023; 4(1): 157 (18 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00813-6
    DORA PSI
  • Kannan R, Panos E, Hirschberg S, Kober T
    A net‐zero Swiss energy system by 2050: technological and policy options for the transition of the transportation sector
    Futures & Foresight Science. 2022; 4(3-4): e126 (22 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.126
    DORA PSI
  • Luh S, Kannan R, Schmidt TJ, Kober T
    Behavior matters: a systematic review of representing consumer mobility choices in energy models
    Energy Research and Social Science. 2022; 90: 102596 (23 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102596
    DORA PSI
  • Obrist MD, Kannan R, Schmidt TJ, Kober T
    Long-term energy efficiency and decarbonization trajectories for the Swiss pulp and paper industry
    Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2022; 52: 101937 (14 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101937
    DORA PSI
  • Rüdisüli M, Bach C, Bauer C, Beloin-Saint-Pierre D, Elber U, Georges G, et al.
    Prospective life-cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions of electricity-based mobility options
    Applied Energy. 2022; 306(Part B): 118065 (20 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118065
    DORA PSI
  • Obrist MD, Kannan R, Schmidt TJ, Kober T
    Decarbonization pathways of the Swiss cement industry towards net zero emissions
    Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 288: 125413 (13 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125413
    DORA PSI
  • Panos E, Kober T, Ramachandran K, Hirschberg S, Bauer C, Schildhauer T, et al.
    Transformation of the Swiss energy system for a net-zero greenhouse gas emission society. Results from the joint activity scenarios & modelling
    Zurich: ETH Zurich; 2021.
    DORA PSI
  • Kober T, Kannan R, Pietzcker R, Deane P, Fuso-Nerini F
    Research and innovation needs for clean energy supply
    sine loco: Dialogue on European Decarbonisation Strategies (DEEDS); 2020.
    DORA PSI
  • Kober T, Kannan R, Obrist M, Panos E, Heald S, Clements L, et al.
    Swiss industry: price elasticities and demand developments for electricity and gas (SWIDEM)
    Bern: Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE; 2020.
    DORA PSI
  • Velazquez A, Pietzcker R, Siskos P, Luh S, Kannan R
    Research and innovation needs to decarbonise the transport sector
    sine loco: Dialogue on European Decarbonisation Strategies (DEEDS); 2020.
    DORA PSI
  • Landis F, Marcucci A, Rausch S, Kannan R, Bretschger L
    Multi-model comparison of Swiss decarbonization scenarios
    Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics. 2019; 155: 12 (18 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41937-019-0040-8
    DORA PSI
  • Densing M, Kannan R, Panos E, Kober T
    Long term role of Swiss hydropower from an energy systems and market perspective. Zukunftspotenzial der Schweizer Wasserkraft durch Synergien im Energiesystem und Markt Perspektiven
    Villigen PSI, Switzerland: Paul Scherrer Institute; 2018.
    DORA PSI
  • Friedl M, Kober T, Ramachandran K, Mühlethaler J
    Fokusstudie "Saisonale Flexibilisierung einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung der Schweiz"
    Rapperswil; Villigen PSI: Hochschule für Technik Rapperswil (HSR); Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI); 2018.
    DORA PSI
  • Kannan R
    Dynamics of long-term electricity demand profile: insights from the analysis of Swiss energy systems
    Energy Strategy Reviews. 2018; 22: 410-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2018.10.010
    DORA PSI
  • Panos E, Kannan R
    Challenges and opportunities for the Swiss energy system in meeting stringent climate mitigation targets
    In: Giannakidis G, Karlsson K, Labriet M, Ó Gallachóir B, eds. Limiting global warming to well below 2 °C: energy system modelling and policy development. Lecture notes in energy. Cham: Springer; 2018:155-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74424-7_10
    DORA PSI
  • Panos E, Kober T, Kannan R
    Die Bedeutung von Flexibilitätsoptionen und Netzen für die langfristige Entwicklung des schweizer Elektrizitätssystems
    In: 12. VDI-Fachtagung Optimierung in der Energiewirtschaft. Vol. 2303. VDI-Berichte. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag GmbH; 2017:47-60.
    DORA PSI
  • Kannan R, Hirschberg S
    Interplay between electricity and transport sectors – integrating the Swiss car fleet and electricity systemi
    Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2016; 94: 514-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.10.007
    DORA PSI
  • Kannan R, Turton H
    Long term climate change mitigation goals under the nuclear phase out policy: the Swiss energy system transition
    Energy Economics. 2016; 55: 211-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2016.02.003
    DORA PSI
  • Panos E, Kannan R
    The role of domestic biomass in electricity, heat and grid balancing markets in Switzerland
    Energy. 2016; 112: 1120-1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.107
    DORA PSI
  • Pattupara R, Kannan R
    Alternative low-carbon electricity pathways in Switzerland and it's neighbouring countries under a nuclear phase-out scenario
    Applied Energy. 2016; 172: 152-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.03.084
    DORA PSI
  • Kannan R
    Can the decentralized CHP generation provide the flexibility required to integrate intermittent RES in the electricity system?
    Presented at: 67th Semi-annual ETSAP meeting; June 1-2, 2015; Abu Dhab.
    DORA PSI
  • Kannan R
    Development and Application of Energy-Economic Models for Switzerland's Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios
    Presented at: 2nd Asian Energy Modelling Workshop on Climate Change and Sustainable Development; July 23, 2015; Singapore.
    DORA PSI
  • Kannan R, Turton H, Panos E
    Methodological significance of temporal granularity in energy-economic models - insights from the MARKAL/TIMES framework
    In: Giannakidis G, Labriet M, Gallachóir BÓ, Tosato GC, eds. Informing energy and climate policies using energy systems models. Insights from scenario analysis increasing the evidence base. Lecture notes in energy. Cham: Springer; 2015:185-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16540-0_11
    DORA PSI
  • Maire S, Pattupara R, Ramachandran K, Vielle M, Vöhringer F
    Electricity markets and trade in Switzerland and its neighbouring countries (ELECTRA). Building a coupled techno-economic modeling framework
    Bern: Bundesamt für Energie BFE; 2015.
    DORA PSI
  • Kannan R, Turton H
    Interplay between electricity and transport sectors - Integrating the Swiss car fleet and electricity system
    Presented at: IAEE European Energy Conference; October 29-31, 2014; Rome, Italy.
    DORA PSI
  • Pattupara R, Kannan R
    Exploring uncertainties in CCS - De-carbonization of the power sector and country-wise opportunities
    Presented at: IAEE European Energy Conference; October 29-31, 2014; Rome, Italy.
    DORA PSI
  • Ramachandran K, Turton H
    Switzerland energy transition scenarios - development and application of the Swiss TIMES energy system model (STEM)
    Villigen PSI, Switzerland: Paul Scherrer Institut; 2014. PSI Bericht: 14-06.
    DORA PSI
  • Kannan R, Turton H
    A long-term electricity dispatch model with the TIMES framework
    Environmental Modeling and Assessment. 2013; 18(3): 325-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-012-9346-y
    DORA PSI
  • Kannan R, Turton H
    Cost of ad-hoc nuclear policy uncertainties in the evolution of the Swiss electricity system
    Energy Policy. 2012; 50: 391-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.07.035
    DORA PSI
  • Weidmann N, Kannan R, Turton H
    Swiss climate change and nuclear policy: a comparative analysis using an energy system approach and a sectoral electricity model
    Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics. 2012; 148(2): 275-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03399368
    DORA PSI
  • Kannan R, Turton H
    Documentation on the development of the Swiss TIMES electricity model (STEM-E)
    Villigen PSI, Switzerland: Paul Scherrer Institut; 2011. PSI Bericht: 11-03.
    DORA PSI
  • Kannan R
    The development and application of a temporal MARKAL energy system model using flexible time slicing
    Applied Energy. 2011; 88(6): 2261-2272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.066
    DORA PSI
  • Skea J, Chaudry M, Ekins P, Ramachandran K, Shakoor A, Wang X
    A resilient energy system
    In: Skea J, Ekins P, Winskel M, eds. Energy 2050. Making the transition to a secure low-carbon energy system. London: Routledge; 2011:145-186. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849775311
    DORA PSI
  • Fuchs A, Demiray T, Evangelos P, Kannan R, Kober T, Bauer C, et al.
    ISCHESS - integration of stochastic renewables in the Swiss electricity supply system
    sine loco: sine nomine; 2016.
    DORA PSI

Other journal papers

Strachan, N., S. Pye and R. Kannan (2009). The Iterative Contribution and Relevance of Modelling to UK Energy Policy, Energy Policy 37 (3): 850-860. DOI:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.096

Kannan, R. and N. Strachan (2009). Modelling the UK residential energy sector under long-term decarbonisation scenarios: Comparison between energy systems and sectoral modelling approaches, Applied Energy 86 (4): 416-428. Doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.08.005

Strachan, N. and R. Kannan (2008). Hybrid Modelling of Long-Term Carbon Reduction Scenarios for the UK, Energy Economics 30 (6): 2947-2963. DOI:10.1016/j.eneco.2008.04.009

Kannan, R., K.C. Leong, R. Osman and H.K. Ho (2007). Life cycle energy, emissions and cost inventory of power generation technologies in Singapore, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11 (4): 702-715. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2005.05.004

Kannan, R., K.C. Leong, R. Osman, H.K. Ho and C.P. Tso (2006). Life cycle assessment study of solar PV systems: An example of a 2.7 kWp distributed solar PV system in Singapore, Solar Energy 80 (5): 555-563. DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2005.04.008

Kannan, R., K.C. Leong, R. Osman, H.K. Ho and C.P. Tso (2005). Gas-fired combined cycle plant in Singapore: energy use, GWP and cost - a life cycle approach, Energy Conversion and Management 46 (13-14): 2145-2157. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2004.10.021

Kannan, R., C.P. Tso, R. Osman and H.K. Ho (2004). LCA-LCCA of oil-fired steam turbine power plant in Singapore, Energy Conversion and Management 45 (18-19): 3093-3107. DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2004.01.005

Kannan, R. and W. Boie (2003). Energy management practices in SME - Case study of a bakery in Germany, Energy Conversion and Management 44 (6): 945-959. DOI:10.1016/S0196-8904(02)00079-1

Kumar, S., C. Visvanathan, R. Kannan and A.B. Herrera (2002). Networking to promote energy efficient and environmentally sound technologies in small and medium scale industries, International Journal of Global Energy Issues 17 (3): 171-188. DOI:10.1504/IJGEI.2002.000939

Technical reports and working papers

Friedl, M., Kober, T., Kannan, R., Mühlethaler, J. (2018). Fokusstudie «Saisonale Flexibilisierung einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung der Schweiz», The report can be downloaded from Forum Energiespeicher Schweiz ,Bern

Boulouchos K, Cellina F, Ciari F, Cox B, Georges G, Hirschberg S, Hoppe M, Jonietz D, Kannan R, Kovacs N, Küng L, Michl T, Raubal M, Rudel R & Schenler W. (2017). Towards an Energy Efficient and Climate Compatible Future Swiss Transportation System, Download

Fuchs, A., Demiray, T., Panos E., Kannan, R., Kober, T., Bauer, C., Schenler, W., Burgherr, P., Hirschberg, S. (2017). ISCHESS - Integration of stochastic renewables in the Swiss electricity supply system, Final report of the Swiss Competence Center Energy and Mobility.

Vögelin P., Panos E., Buffat R., Becutti G., Kannan R., et al. (2016). System modelling for assessing the potential of decentralised biomass-CHP plants to stabilise the Swiss electricity network with increased fluctuating renewable generation, Final report of the Swiss Federal Office of Energy.

A. Shivakumar, P. Deane, B. Normark, A. Fauré, J. Gottschling, A. Dobbins, R. Pattupara, R. Kannan, et al. (2016). Business models for flexible production and storage, INSIGHT_E Policy Report 4, Download (3MB)

S. Maire, R. Pattupara, R. Kannan, M. Vielle, F. Vöhringer (2015). Electricity markets and trade in Switzerland and its neighbouring countries (ELECTRA); Building a coupled techno-economic modeling framework - Schlussbericht, Final Report to Swiss Federal Office of Energy, Bern, External Link, Download

R. Kannan and H. Turton (2014). Switzerland energy transition scenarios – Development and application of the Swiss TIMES Energy system Model (STEM), Final Report to Swiss Federal Office of Energy, Bern, External Link, Download

Kannan, R. and H. Turton (2012). The Swiss TIMES Electricity Model (STEM-E): Updates to the model input data and assumptions (Model Release 2), Download (0.2MB)

Kannan, R. and H. Turton (2012). Nuclear policy uncertainties in the evolution of the Swiss electricity system, NES Scientific Report 2011, ISSN 1663-7380

Kannan, R. and H. Turton (2012). Swiss Electricity Supply Options: A supplementary paper for PSI's Energie Spiegel Nr. 21, EEM Working paper, Paul Scherrer Institute, External Link

Kannan, R. and H. Turton (2011). Documentation on the Development of the Swiss TIMES Electricity Model (STEM-E), PSI Bericht 11-03, Download (1.7MB)Skea, J., P. Ekins, R. Kannan, M. Chaudry, A. Shakoor and Z. Wang (2009) A Resilient Energy system, in Making the transition to a secure and low-carbon energy system (synthesis report) Edt. J. Skea and P.Ekins, UK Energy Research Centre, London. External Link

Ekins, P., G. Anandarajah, N. Hughes, R. Kannan and N. Strachan (2009). Carbon Reduction Scenarios, in Making the transition to a secure and low-carbon energy system (synthesis report) Edt. J. Skea and P.Ekins, UK Energy Research Centre, London. External Link

Chaudry, M., A. Dougamas, P. Ekins, R. Kannan, A. Shakoor, J. Skea, G. Strbac and X. Wang (2009). A Resilient UK Energy System: Building in Resilience, UKERC Research Report. External Link

Kannan, R. (2009). Review and comparison of tools and scenarios adopted in Supergen 1 consortia, Working paper for the UK Sustainable Hydrogen Consortium.

Anandarajah, G., N. Strachan, P. Ekins, R. Kannan, N. Hughes (2008). Pathways to a Low Carbon Economy: Energy Systems Modelling, UK Energy Research Centre, London. External Link

Strachan N., and R. Kannan (2008). UK MARKAL stakeholder interactions. UK Energy Research Centre, London. External Link

Strachan N., N. Balta-Ozkan, R. Kannan, N. Hughes, K. McGeevor and D. Joffe (2007). State-of-the-art modelling of hydrogen infrastructure development for the UK: Geographical, temporal and technological optimisation modelling, Final Report to Department for Transport, London. External Link

Strachan N., R. Kannan and S. Pye (2008). Scenarios and Sensitivities on Long-term UK Carbon Reductions using the UK MARKAL and MARKAL-Macro Energy System Models, Research report, UK Energy Research Centre, London. External Link

Kannan R., N. Strachan, N. Balta-Ozkan and S. Pye (2007). UK MARKAL Model Documentation, UK Energy Research Centre, London.

Balta-Ozkan N., R. Kannan and N. Strachan (2007). Analysis of UKSHEC Hydrogen visions in the UK MARKAL energy system model, UKSHEC Social Science Working Paper No.32. External Link

Chang Y., H.K. Ho, K.C. Leong, R. Osman, K.C. Toh, Y. Chen and R. Kannan (2006). Final Report on the Economics of the Kyoto Protocol: A Cost-Benefit Analysis for Singapore, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Singapore

 

Full list of Publications

Kannan, R., Kober, T. (2018). Incorporating detailed technology data in bottom-up energy systems models: Insights from Swiss and international studies, Asian Energy Modelling Workshop, Singapore, 10-11 September 2018

Kober, T., Panos, E., Densing, M. Kannan, R. (2018). Zukünftige Rolle der Schweizer Wasserkraft im Gesamtenergiesystem, VSE Fachtagung “Zukunft der Wasserkraft", Olten, 27. June 2018, Program

Singh, A., Kannan, R., Kober, T., (2018). Long-term evolution of European electricity sector, The 37th International Energy Workshop, Gothenburg, Sweden, 19-21 June 2018,, Download Presentation

Kannan, R., Kober, T. (2018). Tradeoff between system embedded and dedicated energy storage in integrating large share of renewables, The 37th International Energy Workshop, Gothenburg, Sweden, 19-21 June 2018,, Download Presentation

Panos,E., Kober, T., Kannan, R. (2017). Die Bedeutung von Flexibilitaetsoptionen und Netzen fuer die langfristige Entwicklung des schweizer Electrizitaetssystems, in VDI-Berichte 2303, VDI Verlag GmbH - Duesseldorf 2017, Abstract

Panos, E., Kannan, R. (2017). Strategies for integration of variable renewable generation in the Swiss electricity system, IAEE 2017 European Conference, Vienna, Austria, Presentation, Abstract

Kannan R., Hirschberg S. (2016). Long term Swiss Mobility Energy Scenarios – An integrated energy systems approach, SCCER-Mobility Annual Conference 2016, Zürich, Switzerland, Poster

Panos E., Kannan R. (2016). Long-term national electricity and heat supply scenarios, CHPSWARM project communication event, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Poster

Panos, E., Kannan, R. (2015). Can the decentralized CHP generation provide the flexibility required to integrate intermittent RES in the electricity system?, 67th Semi-Annual IEA-ETSAP meeting, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Presentation

Kannan, R., Turton, H. (2014). Transition to a secure and low carbon Swiss energy system, 66th Semi-Annual IEA-ETSAP meeting, Copenhagen, Denmark, Presentation

Kannan, R., Turton, H. (2014). Interplay between electricity and transport sectors -Integrating the Swiss car fleet and electricity system, IAEE European Energy Conference, Rome, Italy, Presentation

Pattupara, R., Kannan, R. (2014). Exploring uncertainties in CCS – De-carbonization of the power sector & country-wise opportunities, IAEE European Energy Conference, Rome, Italy, Presentation

Pattupara, R., R. Kannan and H. Turton (2014). Alternative low carbon electricity pathways under a European nuclear phase-out - Achievement of Climate goals, 53rd meeting of the EWGCFM, 2nd International Conference of RCEM, Chania, Greece, Presentation

Pattupara, R., R. Kannan and H. Turton (2013). Influence of long term electricity sector developments in Europe on the Swiss electricity system: Risks and opportunities for electricity trading, 63rd Semi-annual ETSAP meeting, International Energy Agency, Paris, France, Presentation

Weidmann, N., R. Kannan and H. Turton (2012). Potential impact of post Fukushima nuclear policy on the future role of CCS in climate mitigation scenarios in Switzerland, International Energy Workshop, Cape Town, South Africa, Presentation

Kannan, R. and H. Turton (2011). Cost of ad-hoc nuclear policy uncertainties in the evolution of the Swiss electricity system, International Energy Workshop, Stanford, United States, Presentation

Kannan, R. and H. Turton (2010). Can a TIMES model be substituted for an Economic Dispatch model?, ETSAP Workshop, Stockholm, Sweden, Presentation

Kannan, R. and H. Turton (2010). Experience from the development of a new Swiss TIMES Electricity Model, ETSAP Workshop, New Delhi, PresentationKannan, R. (2009). Approaches in modelling a resilient energy scenario in UK MARKAL Elastic Demand (MED) version, International Energy Workshop, Venice, Italy, 17-19 June.

Skea, J., M. Chaudry, R. Kannan and A. Shakoor (2009). UK Energy security: What do we know, and what should be done? Sussex Energy Group Seminar, DBEER conference centre, London, 27 January.

Strachan, N. and R. Kannan (2008). Iterative UK energy modelling and policy making: From the 2000 Royal Commission to the 2008 Climate Change Bill, IEA ETSAP annual meeting, Nice France, December.

Kannan, R. and N. Strachan (2008). Sensitivity analyses on power sector investment and generation in a Low carbon UK energy system, BIEE conference, Oxford, 24 -25 September.

Kannan, R. (2008). Role of electricity and hydrogen storage in low carbon energy system – Modelling in temporal MARKAL model, International Energy Workshop, Paris, 30 June - 4 July.

Strachan, N., R. Kannan and N. Hughes (2008). Key uncertainties in energy system transitions and resultant cost ranges in UK scenarios of long-term CO2 reductions, International Energy Workshop, Paris, 30 June - 4 July

Kannan, R. and N. Strachan (2007). Workshop on the UK MARKAL-Macro Model and the 2007 Energy White Paper. DTI conference centre, 21 June 2007.

Strachan, N. and R. Kannan (2007). Quantifying technological and economic implications of long term carbon reduction scenarios for the UK, 9th IAEE European Conference, Florence, June.

Kannan, R. and N. Strachan (2006). Incorporating Behavioural Responses within a Technology Optimization Energy Model, BIEE Conference, Oxford 20-21 September.

Strachan, N. and R. Kannan (2006). Modelling Long-term Carbon Abatement Scenarios with UK MARKAL, BIEE Conference, Oxford 20-21 September.

Kannan, R., C.P. Tso, R. Osman and H.K. Ho, (2003). Comparative life cycle cost, energy and environmental analysis of distributed power generation technologies in Singapore, International Conference on Building Systems and Facilities Management, 8-10 October, Singapore, pp. 159-166.

Kannan, R., C.P. Tso, R. Osman and H.K. Ho (2003). Life cycle energy use and GHG emission analysis in electricity generation from an oil fired power plant in Singapore, Solutions to Pollution, 28 September - 1 October, Christchurch, New Zealand, p. 93.

Kannan, R. (2002). Poor quality power supply in India and cost hidden in voltage stabilizers - Impact on national development, The first regional conference on Energy and Development, 29 September - 3 October, Bangkok, Thailand.

Kumar, S. and R. Kannan (2001). A Review of Energy Efficiency Standards and Labelling in South East Asia, The National Workshop on Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation - Awareness and Strategies, 16-17 December, Coimbatore, India, pp. 212-226.

Kannan, R. (2000). Promotion of Energy Conservation in Germany, Appropriate Technology Forum, 13, pp. 5-7.