Oxygen-isotope effect on the density wave transitions in La₃⁢Ni₂⁢O₇

The isotope effect is a powerful probe of electron-phonon interactions in solid-state systems, offering key insights into how atomic mass influences emergent quantum states. Here, the impact of oxygen-isotope substitution (¹⁶O→¹⁸O) on charge- and spin-density wave (CDW and SDW) transitions in the double-layer Ruddlesden-Popper nickelate La₃⁢Ni₂⁢O₇ is investigated. A clear isotope effect is observed in the CDW transition: the transition temperature increases upon ¹⁸O substitution. 

In contrast, the SDW transition temperature remains unaffected within experimental uncertainty. These findings point to a strong involvement of lattice vibrations in the formation of charge order, while spin order appears to be predominantly of electronic origin. The results suggest that electron-phonon coupling, manifested through the CDW response to isotope substitution, may be relevant to the superconducting pairing mechanism in Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates.