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Battery 2030

BATTERY 2030+: Europa soll weltweit führend werden

Energie und Klima Energiewende

Zukünftige Batterien müssen mehr Energie speichern, länger leben und sicherer und umweltfreundlicher sein als Batterien heutiger Bauart. Die europäische Initiative BATTERY 2030+, an der sich auch das PSI beteiligt, soll bei der Erreichung dieser Ziele helfen.

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energiezukunft-episode-3

Wie lässt sich Kobalt in E-Auto-Batterien reduzieren?

Energie und Klima ESI-Plattform Energiewende

Die Elektrifizierung des Verkehrs nimmt zu. Dafür braucht es mehr Batterien. Einige dieser Batterien enthalten jedoch einen äusserst problematischen Rohstoff: Kobalt. Das PSI forscht an Alternativen.

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SEM cross-section images of graphite–Si electrodes

Graphite Anodes with Si as Capacity-Enhancing Electrode Additive

Silicon is a long-standing candidate for replacing graphite as the active material in negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries, due to its significantly higher specific capacity. However, Si suffers from rapid capacity loss, as a result of the large volume expansion and contraction during lithation and de-lithiation. As an alternative to pure Si electrodes, Si could be used as a capacity-enhancing additive to graphite electrodes.

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NCM Full Cells

Improved Interfacial Stability of Ni-rich Oxide Full-Cells

PSI researchers have identified a novel electrolyte additive, allowing extended voltage range of Ni-rich oxide full-cells, while keeping excellent performance. The instability of cathode–electrolyte interface causes the structural degradation of cathode active material and the electrolyte consumption, resulting in a rapid capacity fading and shortening battery life-time. The PSI-identified additive help to alleviate these problems and extend battery life-time.

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AEDB electrolyte additive

Cross-Talk–Suppressing Electrolyte Additive for Li-ion Batteries

Control of interfacial reactivity at high-voltage is a key to high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borate was investigated as an electrolyte additive to stabilize surface and bulk of both NCM851005 and graphite in the cell with upper cut-off voltage of 4.4 V vs Li+/Li. AEDB almost completely eliminated the “cross-talk” in the cell, by significantly reducing metal leaching from the cathode, preventing their deposition at the anode, and further electrolyte decomposition.

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FEC-induced SEI Formation in Li-ion Batteries

Deciphering the Mechanism of FEC-induced SEI Formation in Li-ion Batteries

Fluoroethylene-carbonate is often referred to as a film-forming electrolyte additive for Li-ion batteries, resulting in high quality Solid–Electrolyte-Interphase on negative electrode, however, the underlying mechanism, even if thought to be known, has been only clarified due to our targeted experimental design, combining systematic electrochemical, chemical and microscopy characterization techniques. We have shown that first the formation of inorganic LiF-rich particles appear and only later the carbonate-rich film is actually formed.

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Proposed mechanism for structure and gas evolution and cathode-electrolyte interfacial reactions

Stable Performance of High Capacity Cobalt-Free Li-ion Battery

Lithium-rich layered oxides, containing cobalt, despite being promising high-capacity cathode materials, need alternatives to eliminate toxic and geopolitically restricted cobalt. An ongoing search for low-cost, Co-free Li-rich cathode materials with a better structural stability lead to investigation of Li1.16Ni0.19Fe0.18Mn0.46O2 (LNFM), where cobalt is replaced by abundant iron. Our LNFM not only delivered a high capacity of 229 mAh/g but also has a stable average discharge voltage when cycled to upper cutoff potential of 4.8 V in additive-free electrolyte.

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Electrolyte-dependent differences in current response to applied potential.

Versatile and Fast Methodology for Evaluation of Metallic Lithium Negative Battery Electrodes

Evaluating potential electrolyte candidates is typically a lengthy procedure requiring long-term cycling experiments. To speed this process up, we have investigated potentiostatic lithium plating as a potential method for fast electrolyte suitability investigation. The applications of this methodology is not limited to liquid electrolytes, - effects of solid-state electrolytes, coatings, and other modifications can be readily assessed.

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy spectra

Updated electrochemical impedance model for understanding the interface of metallic lithium

Lithium metal negative electrodes are often used as counter electrodes while testing other electrochemically active materials, and are considered to be equivalent, independently of their thickness, supplier and production processes used. Here, we clearly demonstrate, using Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) that it is not the case, as well as the often-used symmetric cells are actually not so symmetric, when EIS spectra are disentangled using Thee-electrode cells.

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a) Linear dependency of cycle number on electrolyte to electroactive material loading. b) Identical performance of the cells when electroactive materials loading is unified and the only difference between cells is the nature of the binder.

Importance of Identifying Key Experimental Parameters for the Li-ion Battery Performance Testing

The mass loading of Si-graphite electrodes is often considered as a parameter of secondary importance when testing their performance. However, if a sacrificial additive is present in the electrolyte, the electrode loading becomes the battery cycle-life-determining factor. A lower loading was obtained by keeping slurry preparation steps unchanged from binder to binder and resulted in a longer lifetime for some of the binders. When the final loading was kept constant instead, the performance became independent of the binder used.

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